Neurons & Nervous System

Question 1

This where the nervous system develops

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

developmentally important cell that separates from the neuroepithelium and becomes mesenchymal

Answer 2

neural crest

Question 3

Thickening of the embryo of ectoderm on the mid-dorsal side forms _____________

Answer 3

neural plate

Question 4

functional unit in both the CNS and PNS

Answer 4

neurons

Question 5

synthetic or trophic center for the entire neuron

Answer 5

cell body (perikaryon)

Question 6

specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons at unique sites called synapses

Answer 6

dendrites

Question 7

specialized to generate and conduct nerve impulses to other cells

Answer 7

axon

Question 8

receives information that modifies the transmission of action potentials to those neurons

Answer 8

axons

Question 9

one axon, two or more dendrites

Answer 9

multipolar neurons

Question 10

one dendrite and one axon

Answer 10

bipolar neurons

Question 11

serve the senses of sight, smell, and balance

Answer 11

bipolar neurons

Question 12

many dendrites, no true axon

Answer 12

anaxonic

Question 13

receive stiumuli from the receptors throughout the body

Answer 13

sensory neurons

Question 14

Sending impulses to effector organs

Answer 14

Motor neurons

Question 15

SaMe

Answer 15

Sensory neurons (Afferent)
Motor neruons (Efferent)

Question 16

Voluntary control, innervate most skeletal muscle

Answer 16

Somatic neurons

Question 17

Involuntary activities, innervate glands cardiac muscle and most smooth muscle

Answer 17

automatic neurons

Question 18

establish relationships among other neurons forming complex functional networks or circuits

Answer 18

interneuron

Question 19

Interneuron are _______

multipolar
anaxonic

Answer 19

Either

Question 20

metabolic center of the neuron

Answer 20

cell body (perikaryon)

Question 21

Filaments abundant both in perikarya and processes

Answer 21

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

Correct pair:

CNS - gray matter
Axons - gray matter
CNS - white matter
Axons - white matter

Answer 22

CNS - gray matter
Axons - white matter

Question 23

short, small process emerging and branching off the soma

Answer 23

dendrites

Question 24

serve as the initial processing sites for synaptic signals

Answer 24

dendritic spine

Question 25

pyramid-shaped region of the perikaryon where the axon of a neuron originates

Answer 25

axon hillock

Question 26

plasma membrane of the axon

Answer 26

axolemma

Question 27

contents of axon

Answer 27

axoplasm

Question 28

small swelling found at the terminal ends of axons

Answer 28

terminal bouton

Question 29

contacts another neuron or non-nerve cell at a synapse to initiate an impulse in that cell

Answer 29

terminal bouton

Question 30

From cell body to axon terminals

Answer 30

anterograde transport

Question 31

Anterograde transport functions via a protein called ______

Answer 31

kinesin

Question 32

From the axon terminals to cell body

Answer 32

retrograde transport

Question 33

Retrograde transport function via a protein called ______

Answer 33

dynein

Question 34

Mode through which a neuron transports electric signals

Answer 34

nerve impulses

Question 35

Sites where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another, or from neruons and other effector cells

Answer 35

synapses

Question 36

The structure of a synapse ensures that transmission is ___________.

Answer 36

unidirectional

Question 37

Bind specific receptor proteins to either open or close ion channels or initiate second-messenger cascades

Answer 37

neurotransmitters

Question 38

Axon forms a synapse with a cell body

Answer 38

axosomatic synapse

Question 39

Axon forms a synapse with a dendrite

Answer 39

axodentric synapse

Question 40

Axon forms synapse with another

Answer 40

axoaxonic synapse

Question 41

how many times are glial cells more abundant in the mammalian brain than the neurons

Answer 41

10 times

Question 42

support neuronal survival and activities

Answer 42

glial cells

Question 43

network of fine cellular processes emerging from neurons and glial cells

Answer 43

neurophil

Question 44

This staining of neurofibrils makes neurophil more apparent

Answer 44

gold staining

Question 45

provide the electrical insulation for neurons in the CNS

Answer 45

oligodendrocytes

Question 46

myelin sheaths surrounding axons are damaged by an autoimmune mechanism that interferes with the activity of the affects neurons and produces various neurologic problems

Answer 46

multiple sclerosis

Question 47

most numerous glial cells of the CNS and most diverse

Answer 47

astrocytes (star-shaped)

Question 48

Which among the choices are correct: Typical in white matter - fibrous astrocytes Predominate in the gray matter - protoplasmic

Answer 48

Both

Question 49

unique marker for astrocytes, most common source of brain tumors

Answer 49

glial fibrillary acid protein

Question 50

1. facilitate movement of cerebrospinal fluid 2. involved in absorption

Answer 50

1. cilia 2. microvilli

Question 51

major mechanism of immune defense in CNS

Answer 51

microglia

Question 52

Origin of microglia

Answer 52

circulating blood monocytes

Question 53

importantly allow axons for their myelination

Answer 53

schwann cells

Question 54

exert a trophic or supportive effect on these neurons, insulating, nourishing, and regulating their microenvironments

Answer 54

satellite cells

Question 55

where most synapses occur

Answer 55

gray matter

Question 56

containing very few neuronal cell bodies, but astrocytes and microglia are present

Answer 56

white matter

Question 57

integration of sensory information and the initiation of voluntary motor responses

Answer 57

cerebral cortex

Question 58

coordinates muscular activity throughout the body

Answer 58

cerebellar cortex

Question 59

generally shaped as letter H

Answer 59

spinal cord

Question 60

membranes of connective tissue found between the bone and nervous tissue

Answer 60

meninges

Question 61

A functional barrier that tightly regulates the passage of substance from blood CN

Answer 61

blood brain barrier

Question 62

main structural component in which the cells are tightly sealed together with well- developed occluding junctions and with little or no transcytosis activity

Answer 62

capillary endothelium

Question 63

Removes water from blood and release it as the CSF

Answer 63

villus

Question 64

serves to help absorb mechanical shocks

Answer 64

csf

Question 65

very important because it allows what is called the saltatory conduction (to jump) of nerve impulses, their rapid movement from node to node

Answer 65

myelination

Question 66

carry information from internal body regions and the environment

Answer 66

afferent fibers

Question 67

Carry impulses from the CNS to effector organs commanded by these centers

Answer 67

efferent

Question 68

Nerves composed only of fibers carrying impulses to the effector

Answer 68

motor nerves

Question 69

serve as relay stations to transmit nerve impulses

Answer 69

ganglia