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10411 - ALD > Neuropathologies In ALCD > Flashcards

Neuropathologies In ALCD Flashcards

1
Q

Acute-Onset that Remain Stable/Improve

A

● Acute Ischemic Stroke
● Intracerebral hemorrhage
● Subarachnoid hemorrhage
● Traumatic brain injury
● Abscesses
● Encephalitis
● Acute disseminate encephalomyelitis
(ADEM)

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2
Q

deals with the higher mental
processes such as thinking, decision making,
and planning.

A

Frontal Lobe

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3
Q

deals with the processes
involved in sensory information that has to
do with taste, temperature, and touch.

A

Parietal Lobe

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4
Q

deals with processing auditory information (e.g. mga naririnig mo,
anything regarding auditory information).

A

Temporal Lobe

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5
Q

used for processing visual
information.

A

Occipital lobe

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6
Q

used for the coordination of voluntary movements

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

controls the di erent cranial
nerves and motor control of the body; the other motor control,

A

Brain Stem

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8
Q

involved in production of speech sound
- Also called the Brodmann Area 44 til and 45.

A

Broca’s

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9
Q

involved in Understanding of speech
- Also known as the Brodmann Area 22. It is for the comprehension of speech.

A

Wernicke’s

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10
Q

controls the Movements of muscles

A

Motor Cortex

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11
Q

connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area.

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

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12
Q

There is a blockage or infarct

A

Ischemic stroke

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13
Q

The blockage is moving

A

Embolic IS

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14
Q

Blood clot in specific area

A

Thrombotic Stroke

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15
Q

happens if there’s a smaller than 1 to 1.5 cm in size;

A

Lacunar Stroke

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16
Q

are regions of the brain that simultaneously receive blood supply from 2 types of arteries.

A

Watershed areas

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17
Q

obstruction caused by blood clot (thrombus)

A

Thrombosis

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18
Q

one or more heart valves does not work properly

A

Valve Disease

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19
Q

Contralateral, hemiparesis, sensory loss, homonymous hemianopsia, dysarthria

A

MCA stroke

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20
Q

(R) - neglect, anosognosia, asomatognosia, aprosodia, flat effect
(L) - aphasia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia, apraxia

A

MCA stroke

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21
Q

Contralateral leg paresis, abulia, disinhibition, exec dysfunction, akinetic mutism

A

ACA stroke

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22
Q

occipital - contralateral homonymous hemianopsia, cortical blindness (bilateral)
Medial temporal - LTM and STM deficits, behavior alteration
Thalamus - contralateral sensory loss, aphasia, exec dysfunction, decreased level of consciousness, memory impairment

A

PCA stroke

23
Q

Lesion: Sup div LMCA

A

Broca’s aphasia

24
Q

Lesion: Inferior div LMCA

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

25
Q

Lesion: Watershed bet LMCA and LACA

A

Transcortical motor aphasia

26
Q

Lesion: Watershed bet LMCA and LPCA:

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

27
Q

RHD

A

Cog-comm d/o

28
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhage: (L) basal ganglia, internal capsule, white matter

A

articulatory impairment + comprehension and naming impairments ang patient

29
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage: L) thalamus

A

Naming and repetition impairments

30
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage: (R) thalamus

A

Narrative deficits

31
Q

Amyloid angiopathy - when a amyloid proteins build up on the walls of the arteries in the brain, causing

A

Dementia or stroke

32
Q

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) - blood vessels are being tangled, nagkakaroon ng problem connecting arteries and veins causing

A

Abnormal connection

33
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Possible magkaroon ng:

A

Aneurysmal SAH

34
Q

CN III palsy, CN VI palsy, bilateral LE weakness, abulia, visuospatial neglect, hemiparesis, and aphasia is due to

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

35
Q

Can also cause aphasia or other focal
neurological deficits due to blood pushing
on the brain, inhibiting cortical function

A

Subdural Hematoma

36
Q

Can be because of:
○ Blows to the head
○ Closed head injuries (CHI)

A

TBI

37
Q

Nonspecific dull headache, mental status changes, focal neurological deficits, fever (because there is an infection)

A

Brain Abscesses

38
Q

E ffects: Cognitive impairments (particularly the memory), sustained attention, information processing speech, executive function

A

Multiple Sclerosis

39
Q

Beta-amyloid plaques (increases) and neurofibrillary tangles (caused by the tau protein)

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

40
Q

Presence of slowly progressive memory impairment
Also develop apraxia, agnosia, executive dysfunction, aphasia

A

AD

41
Q

Dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra

Trouble processing long, complex sentences, verb generation di culties, impaired semantic priming

A

PD

42
Q

3 core clinical features: resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity… eventually postural instability

A

PD

43
Q

Gradual impairment of language production, object naming syntax, and/or word comprehension

Eventually may develop cognitive deficits, parkinsonism, and behavioral di culties

A

PPA

44
Q

Change in a ffect, lack of basic emotions, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, changes in eating habits, executive dysfunction

A

Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

45
Q

Gait isntability, impairment of eye movements, spastic dysarthria, aphasia (nonfluent), bradykinesia, rigidity, frontal behavior changes

A

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

46
Q

Tumors in dominant hemisphere ->

A

Aphasia

47
Q

Tumors is nondominant hemisphere ->

A

Prosody and discourse comprehension deficits

48
Q

Exposes arteries in head and neck Opaque fluid is injected
Injected sa blood to see all the arteries Ischemia-vessels seem to disappear beyond occlusion (Parang mga threads)

A

Angiography

49
Q

Alterations in expected densities of brain structures

A

CT SCAN

50
Q

Magnetic fields and radio frequency Picture of electromagnetic signals More sensitive than CT
Non-Invasive but more time consuming

A

MRI

51
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Electrodes on patient’s scalp
Lesion is indicated by irregular electrical activity

52
Q

Direct measure of metabolism
Radioactive tracers with oxygen and or glucose are injected into arteries

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

53
Q

Gold standard for identifying dysfunctional Brain tissue.

A

PET scan

10411 - ALD (5 decks)

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