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Psychology 1XX3 > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Separated mental processes of mind from physical process of brain. Mind seen as separate entity

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Communicate info

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3
Q

Receptive Zone

A

Part of neuron consisting of cell body and dendrites

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4
Q

Transmission Zone

A

Part of neuron consisting of axon and axon terminal

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5
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains important organelles

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6
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive cells

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7
Q

Axon

A

Transmits signal within nueron

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8
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Cluster of branches

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9
Q

Terminal Boutons

A

Transmit signal to neighbouring dendrites

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10
Q

Glial Cells

A

Provide insulation, support, and nourishment

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11
Q

Inside Cell Body

A 
Potassium (+)
Protein Molecules (-)
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12
Q

Outside Cell Body

A

Chloride (-)

Sodium (+)

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13
Q

Leaky Potassium Channel

A

Always open

Positively charged potassium ions can pass through

Main Contributor to maintaining resting potential

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14
Q

Voltage Gated Potassium Channel

A

Closed in resting state of neuron

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15
Q

Sodium Channel

A

Sodium ions flow into cell in low concentrations

Flow of sodium far less important to resting state than potassium

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16
Q

Resting Potential

A

Chemical imbalance in the cell that is constantly fluctuating

About -70mv relative to extracellular fluid

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17
Q

Chemical Threshold

A

-50mv

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18
Q

Action Potential

A

Triggered once threshold is reached. 1.The first sodium channels begin to open. Na+ rush into neuron.

  1. Voltage gated potassium channel opens. K+ slowly pass out of cell
  2. Sodium channel closes. Loses positive charge as K+ leaves overshooting -70mv
  3. Voltage gate potassium channels close
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19
Q

Refractory Period

A

Period where another action potential can not be triggered.

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20
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Maintains ion balance. Expels 3 Na+ and replaces them with 2 k+ ions. Requires energy and is slow and not important to action potential.

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21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin sheath in CNS

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22
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

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23
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Allows for action potential to travel much faster

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24
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Action potential jumps through myelin sheath

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25
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between myelin sheaths. Strengthens signal before next jump
26
Synapse
Indirect connection between neurons. Transmits signals.
27
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that send signals. Found within vesicles
28
Synaptic Cleft
Space between 2 nuerons
29
Excitatory Post-Snyapitic Potential (EPSP)
Excite post-synaptic neuron toward action potential threshold. Multiple EPSPs must accumulate to reach threshold
30
Temporal Summation
EPSPs occur one after the other from same pre-synaptic neuron
31
Spatial Summation
EPSPs occur from multiple pre-synaptic neurons
32
Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential (IPSP)
Cl- channels open allowing Cl- to enter cell moving away from threshold
33
Neurogenisis (18 days)
Brain starts as neural plate
34
Neurogenisis (21 days)
Neural tube starts forming
35
Neurogenisis (28 days)
Neural tube completely closes
36
Founder Cells
Begin dividing in ventricular zone as soon as neural tube closes. Divide into either glial cell or neuron
37
Radial Glial Cells
Produced before neurons. Neurons migrate along these cells to reach cortial surface causing the brain to grow from inside out
38
Differentiation
Function of a neuron can be developed due to input from cells. Neurons reserved for another function can perform another task if it lacks the input to develop. Neurons mature through making connections with each other and ones that dont prune away
39
Neuraxis
axis of central nervous system curving at the top
40
Dorsal
Behind neuraxis
41
Ventral
in front of neuraxis
42
Rostral
towards top of axis
43
Caudal
towards bottom of axis
44
Brain Lesions
abnormal tissues on brain tissues. Help study brain structures function
45
Montreal Procedure
A thin wire would stimulate specific brain regions of humans
46
Intracellular techniques (single cell)
Electrode records brain function of animal as stimuli are presented
47
Neuroimaging
Used to study large-scale brain structures
48
CT Scans
Individual x-ray slices of brain taken and pieced together to produce a picture of the brain. Cheap and quick but low resolution
49
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Powerful magnetic fields generated aligning hydrogen atoms throughout the brain. Gives a more detailed image structure.
50
Functional Neuroimaging
Learn how brain functions relate to cognitive tasks
51
PET Scans
Radioactive substance of glucose or oxygen injected in bloodstream.
52
fMRI
produces clear image image of brain without need for radioactive tracer but is temporally imprecise
53
EEG/ERP
Electrical activity of brain recorded through scalp using electrode cap
54
Medulla
In hindbrain and is responsible for breathing, digestion, and heartrate
55
Pons
In Hindbrain. Movement. Auditory perception. Processing.
56
Reticular Formation
In hindbrain. Arousal. Motivation. Circadian rhythm. Posture. Balance.
57
Cerebellum
In hindbrain and facilitates coordinated movement
58
Hindbrain
These structures perform key bodily functions
59
Midbrain
Processes perception, arousal, and motor control
60
Tectum
Midbrain. Consists of superior colliculus (visual) and inferior colliculus (auditory)
61
Tegmentum
Midbrain. Consists of red nucleus and substantia nigra
62
red nucleus
motor control
63
substantia nigra
reward related behaviours by releasing dopamine
64
Forebrain
largest region of brain. controls complex functions
65
Hypothalamus
stress response. regulates metabolism. regulates reproduction (hormone control, pregnancy, lactation) Four Fs: Feed, Fight, Flight, Fuck
66
Pituitary gland
releases and regulates hormones
67
Anterior pituitary
receives signals from brain and releases stimulating hormines
68
Posterior Pituitary
Releases oxytocin and vasopressin
69
Oxytocin
involved in basic physiological functions. Lactation. Contractions in women. Possibly love and trust
70
Vasopressin
Regulates thirst
71
Thalamus
Relay station to cerebral cortex
72
Amygdala
decodes emotions
73
Hippocampus
transfers short term memory to long term memory. connected to amygdala which is why emotional memories might be remembered better
74
Cerebral Cortex
Ultimate control and information-processing center
75
Gyri
ridge in cortex (buldges outwards)
76
Sulci (indents)
Gap between gyri
77
Fissures
Very deep sulci that often divide major areas of cortex
78
Frontal Lobe
Motor processing. Complex decision making and high-order thought
79
Occipital Lobe
Basic Visual processing. Complex visual processing begins
80
Parietal Lobe
Somatosensory processing (processing of touch). Spatial representations.
81
Temporal Lobe
Below Sylvian Fissure. Processes form and identity of visual stimuli. Primary auditory cortex. Partially responsible for processing memory and language
82
Brain Lateralization
Function sometimes specializes to one side of brain. Left brain language processing. Right brain related to spatial processing
83
Corpus Callosum
Joins two hemispheres and relays info to both sides
84
Split Brain Syndrome
Corpus Callosum severed. Visual stimuli presented to left side of visual field can't name object

Psychology 1XX3 (6 decks)

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