New Deal- Alphabet Agencies and Acts Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
2 features of the 100 days
A
- Wanted to improve economy
- Fireside chats to increase public support
2
Q
What did tva do
A
- built infrastructure in the poor Tennessee valley
- created 9000 jobs
- provided electricity to the Tennessee valley
(Hydroelectric Dams, electrical grids) - 1000s were displaced by it though
3
Q
How many jobs did the tva create
A
9000 jobs
4
Q
What was a bad thing about tva
A
- it displaced 1000s of people to make space for infrastructure
- like dams
5
Q
Was tva first or second new deal
A
First new deal
6
Q
2 features of tva
A
- Federally controlled
- Revived economy by providing electricity
7
Q
What did tva do
A
- built 20 dams in Tennessee valley
- 9000 jobs made
- helped 7 states recover from Great Depression
- controlled flooding in Tennessee valley farms
- hydro-electric power for local farms
8
Q
How many dams did TVA built
A
20 dams
9
Q
Why was TVA federally controlled
A
- southern states weren’t doing enough for the poor
10
Q
What does AAA stand for
A
Agricultural adjustment administration
11
Q
What did AAA do
A
- paid farmers to:
- limit number of crops/animals
- keep areas of land empty
- helping prices rise
12
Q
How many pigs were killed by farmers to limit the number of animals on farms
A
6 million pigs were killed
13
Q
What was a drawback of the AAA
A
- many farmhands lost their jobs
- since farms were smaller
14
Q
What was the pork from the 6 million slaughtered pigs go towards
A
- canned pork
- for the poor
15
Q
What did CCC stand for
A
Civilian Conservation Corps
16
Q
What did CCC do
A
- employed young men in conservation work
- ( men aged 18-25 )
- paid $1 a day + food + accommodation
- $25 of the workers’ money had to be sent home every month
17
Q
How old were the CCC workers
A
18-25 years old
18
Q
How much were CCC workers paid
A
$1 a day
- $25 of their $30/month wage had to be sent home to their families
- they also got food + accommodation
19
Q
What did CCC workers actually do
A
Worked in conservation
- (like clearing land, planting trees)
20
Q
How many men joined CCC by 1935
A
500,000 men
21
Q
What does FERA stand for
A
Federal emergency relief act
22
Q
What did FERA do
A
- gave a $500million fund to states
- to help unemployed by creating jobs or giving handouts (former was more common)
23
Q
How did FERA help the unemployed
A
- created jobs
- made shelters + food banks
- occasional handouts
24
Q
What was a drawback of FERA
A
- some claimed that blacks were discriminated against in the south
25
Was AAA first or second new deal
Aaa was First new deal
26
Was ccc first or second new deal
Ccc was first new deal
27
Was fera first or second new deal
FERA was first new deal
28
What does HOLC stand for
Home owners loan corporation
29
What did HOLC do
- provided loans to people
- so they could keep their mortgages
30
Was HOLC first or second new deal
HOLC was first new deal
31
What did FCA stand for
Farm Credit Administration
32
What did FCA do
- helped farmers who were struggling to pay mortgages
- 20% of farmers got help from it
- this made it more likely for the farmer to keep their land
- made sure number of farmers didn’t decrease
33
What % of farmers got help for their mortgages from the FCA
20% of farmers
34
Was FCA first or second new deal
FCA was first new deal
35
What did PWA stand for
Public Works Administration
36
What did PWA do
- gave $3.3 billion to build infrastructure
- this rose to $6 billion in 1939
- created many jobs too
- 70% of schools + 30% of hospitals built in 1930s were built by the PWA
37
How much funding did PWA give initially and then how much did it rise to by 1939
- $3.3 billion initially
- rose to $6 billion
38
What % of schools built in the 1930s were built by the PWA
70%
39
What % of hospitals built in the 1930s were built by PWA
30%
40
Was the PWA first or second new deal
PWA was first new deal
41
What was a limitation of the FCA
- it didn’t provide help to sharecroppers/tenant farmers
42
What did NIRA stand for
National industrial Recovery Act
43
What did NIRA do
- made voluntary rules for businesses:
- no child labour
- minimum wages
- maximum working hours
- workers given rights to join trade unions
44
What was NIRA a part of
The NRA (national recovery administration)
45
What did NRA stand for
National recovery administration
46
Why was it beneficial to businesses to join NIRA
- would receive the NRA ‘blue eagle’ badge
- gained publicity for being a symbol of patriotism
47
Why was blue eagle symbol important
- businesses with the symbol were celebrated
- those who didn’t were boycotted
48
What happened to NRA in 1935
- ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court
49
When was aaa deemed unconstitutional
1936
- because federal government should not interfere with agriculture— a state matter
50
When was nra deemed unconstitutional
1935
- it gave president too much power
- interfered with states’ rights
51
Why was aaa unconstitutional
Supreme Court said:
- fed government has no right to govern agriculture, as agriculture is a state matter
52
Why was nra unconstitutional
Supreme Court said:
- gave too much power to FDR over how industry was run
- interfered with states’ rights
53
When was FDR elected + inaugurated
- Elected (nov) 1932
- landslide win v Hoover
- inaugurated 1933
54
NRA was popular amongst the public
//
55
How many businesses took part in NRA
2.3 million businesses
56
What did NIRA help workers with
- allowed them to join unions
- so they could ‘collectively bargain’ for:
- better wages, hours, conditions
57
When was FDR’s controversial court packing scandal
1937
- tried to add 6 new justices to supreme court
58
How many workers were in unions by 1939
3.9 million workers
59
What did the CWA stand for
Civilian works administration
60
What did CWA do
- seen as ‘useless’
- short-term relief
- helped the poor get through the winter of 1933
- by employing 4 million people to sweep streets + other menial jobs
61
How many people did the CWA employ
4 million people
62
Was CWA first or second new deal
First new deal
63
Was NIRA + NRA first or second new deal
NIRA + NRA were first new deal
64
When was first new deal
1933-1934
65
When was second new deal
1935-1936
66
What did first new deal emphasize:
- mostly:
- short term relief + recovery
- some reform (like the NIRA + NRA)
67
What did second new deal emphasize
- Long term reform
68
Why was there a second new deal
- opposition from left and right wing
- liberty league + GOP on the right
- father coughlin + Huey long on the left
- weak recovery
- unemployment was still high
69
What was the WPA
Works progress administration
70
2 key features of the WPA
1. Provided work relief for the unemployed
2. Invested in a variety of projects
71
What did WPA do
- directly provided jobs for 8million Americans
- only for 1 year
- paid $52/month
(This was higher than minimum wage)
72
How much did the WPA spent
$11 billion
73
How many Americans did the WPA employ
8 million Americans
74
How did WPA help families
- unemployed now had jobs to feed families with
75
What type of work did the WPA provide
- miscellaneous
- building infrastructure
(like schools, hospitals, roads)
- art projects
(for writers + artists, even sewing for women)
(Also provided training)
76
What else did WPA provide
- Training
- teaching programmes
77
What was the national labour relations act better known as
Wagner act
78
Wagner act = national labor relations act
//
79
2 features of wagner act
1. Workers were entitled to join a union
2. Workers + unions were protected
80
What did Wagner act change from NIRA+NRA
- NIRA + NRA allowed companies to opt into letting their workers join unions
- however Wagner act forced them to let workers join unions
- also banned unions that were funded by the company
81
What did the Wagner act set up
The national labor relations board
82
What did the Wagner act do
- set up national labor relations board (NLRB)
- which supervised union/company negotiations
(For wages, conditions, hours)
- stopped companies firing workers for being part of a union
- hired lawyers to defend workers who had been fired for being part of a union
83
What did NLRB (national labour relations board) do
- supervised negotiations between unions + companies
84
How did Wagner act defend workers legally
- by 1939, hired 226 lawyers
- to fight companies that fired workers for being part of a union
- decreased unemployment
- helped families
85
How many workers were part of a union by 1940
9 million workers
86
What did the Wagner act enable workers to do
- join unions
- ‘collectively bargain’ / campaign for better pay, hours, conditions
87
By what year was the number of workers in unions 9 million
By 1940
88
Was Wagner act first or second new deal
Second new deal
89
Was WPA first or second new deal
Second new deal
90
How many lawyers did the Wagner act hire
226 lawyers
- by 1939
91
2 key features of social security act
1. created a federal pension system
2. Created unemployment insurance + grants
92
What was the federal pension system from the social security act
- employees would pay 1% of their income into a pension scheme
- (this later rose to 3%)
- employers were taxed
- paying into the scheme too
- workers would then be remunerated once turning 65
- this gave workers an incentive to work
93
What % of an employees income was initially to be paid into pension scheme, and what did this % later rise to
- 1% initially
- rose to 3%
94
At what age were people remunerated of their contributions to the pension scheme under the social security act
At 65 years old
95
How was money for unemployment insurance + grants generated
- tax on employers of over 8 people
- this was then distributed to families with unemployed adults
- state governments were to support dependent children, and federal government would then match the state contribution
96
Which employers would be taxed to contribute to the unemployment insurance scheme
Employers who had more than 8 employees
97
How many unemployed people did the social security act’s unemployment insurance help
7000 people
98
How much were unemployed workers paid by the unemployment insurance (social security act) and for how long
$18 a week
- for 16 weeks
99
Limitations of the social security act’s unemployment insurance
- didn’t include all workers
(No benefits for domestic workers, agricultural laborers)
- no sickness benefits
100
Was social security act first or second new deal
Second new deal
101
Social security act = created federal pension system
//
102
2 features of the banking act 1935
1. Created a board of governors of the federal reserve
2. Strengthened the banking system
103
When was banking act
1935
104
What did banking act do
- board of governors of federal reserve
- chosen by FDR
105
What did the board of governors do following banking act 1935
- governors had financial powers
(Like setting interest rates)
- decreasing the power of powerful banks
106
What could governors in the board of governors do following the banking act
Things like setting interest rates
- decreased the power of powerful banks, who used to set their own interest rates
107
How did the banking act of 1935 strenghten banking system
- centralized banks into the government
- powerful banks were less powerful
- interest rates were carefully controlled + monitored by government (and the board of governors)
- another crash was less likely
- 1936, no banks closed
108
How many banks closed in 1936 as a result of the banking act of 1935
0 banks closed
109
Why and who was there opposition from to the banking act 1935
- from bankers
- didn’t want to lose control over things like interest rates
110
2 key features of rural electrification
1. Farmers modernized their farms with loans
2. Number of farms with electricity increased
111
What was the ehfa and how was it related to rural electrification
- EHFA (electric home + farm authority)
- provided loans to farmers
- loans were used to install electric appliances into farmers’ homes, the farm itself, and communities
- farmers could use modern farming methods
- like electric chicken brooders
- farming was now more efficient, cheaper, and quicker
112
What were loans from EHFA used for
- electrical appliances + electricity were installed in homes, farms + communities
- access to electricity meant access to modern farming methods
113
What were some modern farming methods that farmers could use following rural electrification and using loans from EHFA
- things like electric chicken brooders
- made farming quicker, more efficient and cheaper
114
What did the prevalence of modern farming methods on rural farms mean for farmers
- things like electric chicken brooders
- meant cheaper, more efficient, and quicker production
115
What % of farms/rural homes had electricity in 1930
10% of farms/rural homes
116
Why did only 10% of farms/rural homes have electricity in 1930
- farms were rural
- so not profitable for utility companies to supply electricity to farms
Why?
- because rural peoples were poor
- couldn’t afford electricity anyway
- extending the electrical grid was expensive
- needed government funding
117
Why was it not profitable for utility companies to supply electricity to rural areas/farms before rural electrification
Not profitable because:
- most rurals couldn’t afford electricity anyway
- extending the electrical grid was expensive
118
What was the FSA
Farm security administration
119
What did REA stand for
Rural electrification administration
120
What did REA do
- gave loans to utility companies
- so they would extend the grid + build more lines
- so farms had electricity too
121
How did FDR solve the problem of rural areas not having electricity
- EHFA, gave loans to farmers
- REA, gave loans to utility companies
122
By 1945, what % of farms/rural homes had electricity
40% of farms/rural homes
123
What did FSA do
- helped farmers who were struggling for money
- helped rurals buy land for farming
- rather than working as tenants on farms
124
How did FSA help rural people/farmers
- helped rural people buy farm land
- rather than working as tenants on other peoples’ farms
- by 1941, gave $1 billion in loans to families
- to buy land + resettle
125
Was FSA first or second new deal
Second new deal
126
When was rural electrification
1935
127
What % of farms/rural homes had electricity by 1940
25% of farms/homes
128
How much did FSA give in loans by 1941
- $1 billion
- to buy land + resettle
