New deal gems Flashcards
(13 cards)
Norris-LaGuardia Act 1932
restricted the power of the federal courts to issue injunctions in labor disputes and had made “yellow dog” contracts unenforceable.
Employment under the CCC
1933 - 3 million workers were employed in forests, parks and recreational areas under the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). CCC was designed to provide employment to 18-25 yr olds. Camps were directed by army officers and racially segregated, such that in Texas African Americans were initially told that camps were for whites only - this explained why only 400 black Texans signed up (less than 5% of the total men enrolled)
What did the Federal Emergency Relief Administration provide
supported the construction of over 5,000 public buildings and 7,000 bridges, organised literacy programs and financed college education for poor students. It directed cash payments to the chronically unemployed.
What did the CWA provide
put to work over 4 million people in its four month existence. It spent over $900 million improving more than 1,000 airports and 40,000 schools.
Tenant farmer changes during ND
During the 1930s the number of tenant farmers in Texas fell from 65,000 to 32,000 while the number of landless black farm laborers rose by 25,000. Estimates are that 200,000 black tenant farmers nationwide were displaced by the Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933.
United States v Butler 1936 ruling
invalidated the Agricultural Adjustment Act on the ground that it represented an unconstitutional misuse of taxing power.
What did the National Recovery Administration provide
enlisted trade union hopes for protection of basic hour and wage standards - fair practice codes were established. Every code set a 40 hour week and minimum weekly wages of $13 ($12 in the South) which more than doubled earnings in some cases. Child labour under 16 was prohibited.
What did the Social Security Act 1935 provide
set up a pension fund for retired workers over 65 and their survivors. Benefits started in 1940 and averaged $22 a month. It also set up a shared federal-state unemployment insurance program and a payroll tax.
1937 depression
By the end of 1937 the US faced a renewed depression and a further 2 million became unemployed. That year the Treasury had collected $2 billion in Social Security taxes.
Wagner-Steagall Act 1937
established a US Housing Authority to provide federal aid for slum clearance.
new Agricultural Adjustment Act (1938)
revived the invalidated predecessor and stabilised farm prices by fixing marketing quotas and acreage allotments.
Union membership rise
Union membership rose from just over 2 million in 1933 to almost 9 million in 1938.
Manufacturing rise
By 1939 manufacturing production had risen to 1929 levels but 9.5 million remained unemployed, some 17% of the working population.
