GA knowledge Flashcards
(34 cards)
What percentage of Americans were employees in 1870?
67% worked for someone else according to the 1870 census.
How did the number of manufacturing workers change between 1860 and 1900?
It quadrupled to 6 million.
What were the two major economic depressions in the Gilded Age?
1873–1877 and 1893–1897, with unemployment rising above 16%.
How many strikes and lockouts occurred during the 1880s?
Almost 10,000.
Why was 1886 called ‘The Great Upheaval’?
About 700,000 workers went on strike or were locked out.
Who made up the skilled labor force in the Gilded Age?
Mostly native-born white Americans or Northern Europeans.
What kind of jobs did new immigrants tend to take?
Unskilled work like meat packing, mining, and textile manufacturing.
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do?
It banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.
What percentage of the workforce were women in 1870 and 1910?
14% in 1870 and 20% in 1910.
In 1880 what percent of women over 16 worked in non-agricultural industries?
Less than 13%.
How high was the female labor force in Fall River and Atlanta in 1880?
34% in Fall River and 35% in Atlanta.
How did male trade unions treat women workers?
They often refused national membership to women.
What was the AfL’s stance on women in the workforce in 1905?
Opposed women working in factories and sweatshops.
By 1900 what percentage of women in industrial occupations were unionized?
Only 3.3%.
When did the Knights of Labor stop being secret and go public?
Around 1879.
How many members did the Knights have by 1886?
About 750,000.
What percentage of the industrial labor force were Knights members in the mid-1880s?
Between 8% and 12%.
Who was excluded from the Knights of Labor?
Asian immigrants.
What reforms did the Knights of Labor advocate for?
Equal pay, child labor abolition, 8-hour workday, cooperatives, etc.
What event contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor?
The Haymarket bombing in 1886.
What happened during the 1887 Louisiana strike under the Knights?
It was violently suppressed, and dozens of Black workers were killed.
How did the Black population in the South change from 1870 to 1900?
It nearly doubled from 4.4 million to 7.9 million.
What kind of work did many Southern Black laborers do?
Farming, railroad construction, lumbering, and mining.
What was the outcome of the 1873 ‘Slaughterhouse’ case?
The Supreme Court limited federal protection under the 14th Amendment.
