NEW: External class differences in achievement Flashcards
Douglas -WC parents
found that working class parents placed less value on education. , they were less ambitious for their children, gave them less encouragement As a result their children had lower levels of motivation and achievement
Bernstein
He distinguishes between two types of speech code :
- the restricted code= working class. It has limited vocabulary and simple sentences
- the elaborated code= used by middle class. wider vocabulary, longer more grammatically complex sentences
Bereiter and engelmann- language
Claim language used in lower class homes in deficient. describe lower class families as communicating by gestures, single words or disjointed phrases. As a result kids fail to develop necessary language skills.
What is meant by cultural deprivation
children are no effectively socialised and lack cultural equipment
Explain one criticism of cultural deprivation try deprivation Theory
Keddie believes it is just victim blaming and a myth. She points out that children cannot be deprived of its own culture and argues that working class children are simply culturally different not deprived
Name two programs which help tack cultural education
Compensatory education- aim to tackle CD in deprived areas by providing extra resources to school + communities
Operation head start: it’s aim to improve deprived children’s environment to develop skills and instil achievement motivation
Sesame Street- included transmitting values, attitudes and skills
What does material deprivation mean
Means a lack of those physical necessities that are essential for normal life
what are the three main aspects of cultural deprivation
language
parents education
subculture
A03 for language (cultural deprivation)
+ Bernstein recognises both home and school fail wc pupils
Douglas- parents ed
working class parents place less value on education
fernstein - parents ed
parents ed effects children achievement. MC educated so have advantage on how to socialise kids
Bernstein and young - parents
MC mothers buy educational toys which encourages reasoning skills
how does parents education impact cultural deprivation
- educated parents = consistent discipline and high expectations
- less educated parents = harsh inconsistent discipline
- educated parents use income to improve educational sucess
what is a subculture
group whose attitudes differ from mainstream culture
sugarman
4 barriers to educational achievement
fatalism: nothing can be done to change status
collectivism: value being part of a group
immediate gratification: seeking pleasure now rather than later
present time orientation: see present as more important, no long term goals
how does this differ to MC
A03 for cultural deprivation
- keddie argues that it is a myth, sees it as victim blaming. Not culturally deprived but culturally different
what is compensatory ed
aims to tackle cultural deprivation in deprived areas by providing resources to schools + communities
eg operation head start in the US, included improving parenting skills + setting up nursery classes
eg well known sesame street included transmitting values, attitudes and skills
key facts for introduction about material deprivation
poverty is closely linked to underachievement
- 1/3 of FSM pupils achieve 5 A-C at GCSE
- those in poverty more likely to have poor attendance
- more likely to be excludes
- 90% of failing schools in deprived areas
what material factors affect children’s education
housing, fear of debt and diet and health
how does housing impact children’s education
directly: overcrowding = less space for educational activities + development // no room for soft play activities
families in temp housing constantly moving = changing schools + disrupted learning
indirect effect= cold/damp can cause ill health means absences from school
how does fear of debt impact education
increases in tuition fees to 9,000.
found WC children are less likely to go to uni due to fear of debt also impacts where they choose to go - want to save travel costs ,miss out on high status uni
how does diet and health impact education
pupils from poorer houses have lower intakes of energy, vitamins + minerals. Poor nutrition affects health by weakening the immune system - absences from school
(Howard)
A03 for material deprivation
+ Other sociologists agree that material inequalities have a bigger effect on achievement
- only part of the explanation as poor families do succeed. Other factors may be influential eg religious views
Bourdieu
he uses capital to explain why MC are more successful. capital = wealth
he combines cultural + material factors to explain ed achievement
