New Material Flashcards
(36 cards)
Metapopulations
Population of populations
Extinction-colonization dynamics
What must be possible for metapopulations?
Colonization (moving between patches)
Subpopulations grow ______ up to the patch carrying capacity
Quickly
Steadily growing populations are ____ heavy
Bottom
Steadily shrinking populations are _______ heavy
Top
____ then _____ rates decline in populations undergoing a transition from developing to developed countries
Mortality fecundity
Replacement rate
Average fertility required for a woman to produce exactly enough offspring to replace herself and her offsprings father
Attributes of populations most likely to survive
Large population size
Occupy large geographical area
Closer to neighbouring ranges
High genetic diversity
Commensalism
+/0
One thing benefits, one thing unaffected
Competition
-/-
Interspecific
Consumption
-/+
Consumer/victim
Mutualism
+/+
Bottom up competition
Fighting for resources (food, light)
Niche overlap
Two species use some of the same resources
Interference (direct) competition
Antagonism (fighting)
Allelopathy (plants release chemicals to kill other plants)
Top-down competition
Looking up food chain
Ex. One species bringing in another predator
Symmetric competition
Both species experience a similar decrease in fitness
Asymmetric competition
One species suffers a greater fitness decline
Competition exclusion principle
Two species exactly identical (100% niche overlap) can’t coexist indefinitely
Fundamental niche
Total theoretical range of environmental conditions a species can tolerate
Realized niche
Portion of fundamental niche that a species occupies given limiting factors such as competition
Competitively _____ species disperse well
Weak
Constitutive defences
Hard-wired
Presence even in absence of consumers
Inducible defences
Adaptable
Efficient energetically but slow to produce
