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Wine Diploma > New York State > Flashcards

New York State Flashcards

1
Q

The New York State area is in the ____ ____ of the USA

A

North East

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2
Q

Describe the general climate in New York State

A

Generally cool but with very different climatic influences across the state

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3
Q

How many wineries in the New York State?

A

Just over 400

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4
Q

What is the name of the act, established in 1976, which allowed New York wineries to sell directly to consumers?

A

The Farm Winery Act

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5
Q

What is the name of the largest AVA in New York

A

Finger Lakes AVA

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6
Q

Describe the climate in Finger Lakes AVA

A

Continental: warm summers and cold winters

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7
Q

Why do the lakes in Finger Lakes AVA not freeze in winter?

A

They are very deep

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8
Q

Describe the effect of planting vineyards on slopes near lakes in Finger Lakes AVA.

A
  • Slopes enable cool air to drain towards the water
  • Warm air rises off the lake, drawing more cold air in from the land
  • Lakes generate “lake-effect snow” which helps to insulate the vines in the winter
  • Lakes provide warming influence in autumn: grapes ripen over a longer period of time
  • In spring, cool air from lakes delay budburst and stop spring frost
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9
Q

Vines it the Finger Lakes AVA are _____ and planted at ____ densities.

This is because soils are _____ and rainfall is ____.

A

Vines are large and planted at high densities.

Soils are fertile and rainfall is high

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10
Q

What vine training system is commonly used in Finger Lakes AVA and why?

A

Scott Henry

Split canopy allows air circulation (wet climate, avoids rot) and light penetration

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11
Q

What is often done to vines to protect vines in winter?

A

Hilling up to protect the graft union

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12
Q

What did Dr. Konstantin Frank introduce to Finger Lakes AVA in 1951?

A

Grafted cool climate vitis vinifera

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13
Q

What grapes dominate in Finger Lakes AVA?

A

Cabernet Franc and Riesling

Both are winter hardy

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14
Q

What styles of Riesling are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?

What quality are they in general?

A

Full range of styles, but primarily dry and off dry

Good to very good

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15
Q

What type of winemaking would you expect to be used for Riesling in Finger Lakes AVA?

A

Protective winemaking with low temperature fermentations

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16
Q

What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?

Is oak commonly used?

A

Both still and sparkling

Oak use is common for still wines, both for fermentation and maturation

17
Q

What quality and price would you expect for Cabernet Franc from Finger Lakes AVA?

A

Good to very good

Mid priced

18
Q

Name 3 hybrid grapes with potential for quality that are grown in Finger Lakes AVA.

A

Traminette
Vignoles
Vidal

19
Q

What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Traminette?

A

Similar aromatics to Gewurztraminer, but with higher acidity and lower alcohol

20
Q

What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Vignoles?

A

Used in non dry styles
High acidity
Susceptible to noble rot

21
Q

Long Island AVA extends eastwards from _____ to _____

A

From Manhattan to the Atlantic

22
Q

What are the names of the two sub AVAs in Long Island AVA?

A

The North Fork AVA

The Hamptons AVA

23
Q

What type of climate is Long Island AVA? What influences this?

A

Maritime

It is surrounded by water (Atlantic Ocean, Peonic Bay and Long Island Sound)

24
Q

How do the waters surrounding Long Island AVA affect the temperature?

A

Water bodies slowly release accumulated summer heat into autumn and the harvest period. They keep it warmer for longer

25
Q

What is the signature variety in Long Island AVA?

A

Merlot - Bordeaux blends are also common

26
Q

Is humidity high or low in Long Island AVA? What effects does this have and what can be done to prevent these?

A

High humidity

Fungal disease is an issue, but windy weather in coastal sites can alleviate this, as can spraying

27
Q

The North Fork AVA is ____ and ____ protected from the Atlantic than The Hamptons AVA.

A

Warmer and more protected

28
Q

What soils are found in The North Fork AVA?

What effect does this have on vines?

A

Sandy soils

Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour

29
Q

What soils are found in The Hamptons AVA?

What effect does this have on vines?

A

Silt loam soils

Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour

30
Q

What training is commonly used in The Hamptons and The North Fork AVAs and why?

A

Usually VSP training and trellising, as vigour is not too mush of an issue

31
Q

What white varieties are often used in Long Island AVA?

What style are they often made in?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Gris

Chardonnay can be oaked or unoaked
Other whites are made in a light, dry fresh stlye

32
Q

Vineyards in Hudson River Region AVA are planted near the river on what types of soils?

A

Shale, slate, schist and limestone glacial deposits

33
Q

Describe the climate in Hudson River Region AVA

A

Continental with cool winters and warm summers

34
Q

What weather hazards are common and how can the effects be mitigated?

A 
Spring frost (plant near lake)
Winter freeze (pick hardy vines, pile soil up round the trunks in winter)
35
Q

What five varietals are commonly planted in Hudson River Region AVA?

A 
Seyval Blanc
Vidal
Riesling
Chardonnay
Cabernet Franc
36
Q

In New York State labelling laws, if an AVA is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from there

A

85%

37
Q

In New York State labelling laws, if an vintage is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that year

A

95%

38
Q

In New York State labelling laws, if varietal is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that grape

A

75%

39
Q

How and where is most wine in New York State sold?

A

In state via cellar door

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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