Newpapers - CSP The Daily Mail Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
How do newspapers determine their readership?
A
Newspapers determine their readership through conducting surveys, either by themselves or through paying an independent company to conduct social research e.g. questionnaires or interviews.
2
Q
What does newspapers viewing figures determine?
A
Determines how much it can charge for advertising – the more people reading = the higher the cost of advertising in the paper.
3
Q
How can we categorise readership?
A
- Social Class Demographics
- Political Alignment
- Gender
- Age Group
- Psychographics
4
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade E
A
non working, State pensioners, casual and lowest grade workers, unemployed with state benefits only.
5
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade D
A
working class
Semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers
6
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade C2
A
Skilled working class, skilled manual worker
7
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade C1
A
lower middle class, Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional
8
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade B
A
Middle middle class, Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional
9
Q
Social Class Demographics:
Grade A
A
Upper middle class, Higher managerial, administrative or professional
10
Q
Political Alignment: Labour
A
Left wing
11
Q
Political Alignment: Conservative
A
Right wing
12
Q
Political Alignment, center definition
A
In between left and right
13
Q
Political Alignment, populist definition
A
Political ideas and activities that are intended to represent ordinary people’s needs and wishes
14
Q
DEMOGRAPHICS: List 6
A
Age
Gender
Profession
Location
Marital
Status
15
Q
PSYCHOGRAPHICS: List 5
A
Personality
Values
Activities
Interests
Opinions
16
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The Guardian:
A
Left wing
17
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The mirror:
A
Left wing
18
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The Independant
A
Left-wing
19
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The Times:
A
Right-wing
20
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The telegraph
A
Right-wing
21
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The sun:
A
Right-wing
22
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The daily express:
A
Right-wing
23
Q
How left or right wing are the mainstream UK newspapers?
The daily mail:
A
Right-wing
24
Q
Benefits of Online news:
A
- News can be published in real time and updated as events change.
- You don’t have to wait for it.
- You can interact with it – comment and share – Clay Shirky (end of audience)
- Wider audience reach – also a benefit for the institution.
- Easily accessible – in your pocket.
- Wider variety of news.
25
What is regulation?
Media content regulation in the UK revolves primarily around codes of practice, drawn up by a variety of bodies which are either entirely or largely independent, following wide public consultation.
In some cases, these codes of practice have been developed by bodies with statutory powers over the media; while in others the responsible bodies have been established by the media or journalists themselves.
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## Footnote
regulation is there to protect industries AND audiences
26
3 Main Regulators:
1. OFCOM – Regulate Radio and TV broadcast. They also monitor that Broadcast are adhering to the Watershed/Broadcast code.
2. The IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation) and released a new Editors code of conduct.
3. ASA – Advertising Standards Authority.
27
The Leveson Inquiry:
The Leveson Inquiry is a judicial public inquiry into the culture, practices and ethics of the British press following the News International phone hacking scandal, chaired by Lord Justice Leveson, who was appointed in July 2011. A series of public hearings were held throughout 2011 and 2012. The Inquiry published the Leveson Report in November 2012, which reviewed the general culture and ethics of the British media, and made recommendations for a new, independent, body to replace the existing Press Complaints Commission, which would be recognised by the state through new laws.
A variety of people ranging from celebrities, politicians, journalists and members of the general public were called to give evidence.
The 2,000 page final report was published on 29 November 2012, along with a 48-page executive summary. Leveson found that the existing Press Complaints Commission is not sufficient, and recommends a new independent body (although membership of the body would remain voluntary.)
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28
What is copyright and what does it prevent people from doing?
Copyright protects your work and stops others from using it without your permission. It prevents people from:
* copying your work
* distributing copies of it, whether free of charge or for sale
* renting or lending copies of your work
* performing, showing or playing your work in public
* making an adaptation of your work
* putting it on the internet
29
Defamation definition and some examples of why someone might use this card:
Defamation allows individuals, companies or firms to sue damage to their reputation caused by material that is published which makes defamatory comments about them.
Example:
* Lowers them in the estimation of right-thinking members of the public
* Causes them to be shunned or avoided
* Exposes them to hatred, or ridicule.
30
Brief History of The Daily Mail
1930:
Controversial as supported both Mussolini and Hitler before WW2 and presented sympathetic representations of their regimes.
31
Brief History of The Daily Mail
1934:
Editorial 'Hurrah for the Blackshirts' (in support of British fascists under Oswald Mosley).
32
Brief History of The Daily Mail
1971-1992:
Editor was Sir David English. He launched the paper as a tabloid and was instrumental in the Mail's support of Margaret Thatcher throughout the 1980s. Thatcher's media advisors realised how important the Mail was as an ally
33
Brief History of The Daily Mail
1992:
Paul Dacre became editor. He cemented the Mail as a political force which championed rightwing and traditional issues and concerns.
34
Brief History of The Daily Mail: Issues Journalist Mehdi Hasan called out about Dacre and what he is known to talk about:
Journalist Mehdi Hasan has called the Mail, 'immigrant-bashing, woman-hating, Muslim smearing, NHS undermining and gay baiting.'
Dacre is most closely associated with the demand for a referendum on UK's membership of the EU and the subsequent 'Leave' vote.
Dacre was responsible for filling the paper with stories suggesting EU was full of exaggerated rules and bureaucracy and suggestions that UK sovereignty was undermined.
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35
The Daily Mail Ownership Context:
1. A British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper that was set up in 1896.
2. Owned by DMGT (Daily Mail and General Trust). DMGT also own Mail on Sunday , Metro in UK and other papers in Ireland.
3. Chairman and shareholder is Jonathan Harmsworth, whose great-grandfather co-founded the paper.
4. Day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team around the editor, Ted Verity. But Paul Dacre defined the newspaper.
5. Re-launched in 1971 in tabloid format.
36
The Daily Mail Economic Context:
1. It has an average daily circulation of 1,134,184 (as of February 2020).
2. Its website has more than 100 million unique visitors per month.
3. Mail Online has no paywall or subscription.
4. The Daily Mail costs on average around £1.10
5. Has a low price because of its reliance on revenue from advertising as opposed to a ‘subscription service’.
37
The Daily Mail Political Context:
* Defends conservative and traditional values.
* In You Gov polls, the Daily Mail is perceived as being by far the most right wing of British print newspapers.
* Under Paul Dacre (previous editor) sympathetic to UKIP and UKIP figures like Nigel Farage.
38
Some political stances The Daily Mail takes are:
* Pro Business
* Anti immigration
* Pro British
* Anti diversity and multiculturalism
* Pro – Brexit and anti EU
* Suggests people who receive welfare (financial support from the government) as a societal burden, often undeserving of it.
39
The Daily Mail Readership Context:
* It is the world’s most visited English Language newspaper website.
* Between print and Mail Online it is estimated to reach over 29 million UK readers per month.
* It is the UK’s second-biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun.
* A survey found the average age of its reader was 58, and it had the lowest demographic for 15 to 44 year olds among the major British dailies.
* Uniquely for a British daily newspaper, it has a majority female readership with women making up 52–55% of its readers.
40
The Daily Mails typical audience:
Heterosexual, married with children and grandchildren.
Pro – family
Traditional hobbies and interests – travel, gardening, home, TV.
Likely to be white British.
Likely to support Conservatives or UKIP.
Traditionalist.
41
The Daily Mail – Criticism & Editorial Practices
The Daily Mail has been widely criticised for its unreliability, as well as printing of sensationalist and inaccurate scare stories of science and medical research and of copyright violations.
Snappy editorial style – ‘Explain, simplify, clarify’
Instances of plagiarism and copyright infringement.
42
What are the potential problems of one company owning many media outlets?
1. Decreases independence and editorial choice.
2. Decreases competition.
3. Too much power concentrated in hands of a few companies.
4. Lack of transparency over ownership and control (If a newspaper is secretly owned by a major political donor or corporation, it might favour stories that help that owner — but if the public doesn’t know who the owner is, they can’t spot the bias).
43
DMGT owns:
Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday, Metro & The i.
44
Recap: Daily Mails average daily circulation is:
1,134,184
45
Why does The Daily Mail have a low price?
Low price because of its reliance on revenue from advertising
46
What is a broadsheet?
## Footnote
Examples:
* Broadsheets newspapers are printed in a large format (pages 37cm x 58cm)
* Traditionally more serious ‘hard news’ in content than tabloids.
* ‘Trustworthy’ and ‘reliable’
## Footnote
E.g,: The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, The Guardian.
47
What is a tabloid?
## Footnote
Examples:
* Tabloid newspapers with pages half as large as broadsheets.
* Usually more highly illustrated
* Traditionally less serious ‘soft news’
## Footnote
E.g,: The Sun, The Mirror, Daily Mail, Daily Express, The Metro.
48
What are the main features of a tabloid?
* The Sun, The Mirror and The Daily Star are all called redtops. This is because they have red mastheads.
* They include international news and politics but generally include more gossip.
* The stories are written simply and are quite short.
* They tend to have more pictures than other newspapers
49
What are the main features of a broadsheet?
* They have a much higher news content.
* They usually cost more and have lower circulation figures than the Tabloids (why?)
* The Times is the oldest, founded in 1788.
* The Daily Telegraph sells the most and as a result charges high prices to its advertisers (so why do they pay it?)
* The Independent is the newest, founded in 1986. It generally has more colour photos than the others.
* The Financial Times is the only national to be printed on pink paper. It deals with mainly business and economic news, although it does have other news, including a sports section.
50
Middle Market Dailies:
The Daily Mail and The Daily Express are also Tabloids but are referred to as ‘Middle Market Dailies':
* Their readership is somewhere in between the Tabloids and the Broadsheets.
* There is plenty of news and features for people but less gossip and a bit more serious.
51
% of the UK that are Social grade E:
8%
52
% of the UK that are Social grade D:
23%
53
% of the UK that are Social grade C2:
29%
54
% of the UK that are Social grade C1:
21%
55
% of the UK that are Social grade B:
15%
56
% of the UK that are Social grade A:
4%
57
Consider the impact of technological change on the newspaper:
Benefits of technological change
* Audiences are active - can engage with the newspaper.
* Easier to access for younger audiences.
* Cheaper for audiences.
* Can share and comment on the articles.
* Reaches a larger audience.
* Good for the environment.
* Updated regularly. You can receive news as it happens.
* Wider variety of news.
58
Consider the impact of technological change on the newspaper?
Negatives of technological change
* Can perhaps be seen as less trustworthy. People may question the validity.
* Fake news - difficult to regulate.
* May be difficult for older audiences to access. They could be used to traditional ways of accessing the news.
* Can be overwhelming with the amount of news on websites.
* Publish first, filter later - fake news.
* Editors can go back and change or update previously published articles, and there’s often no visible record that anything was altered.
59
gatekeeper definition:
A gatekeeper is a person/ institution that controls access to something.
Institutions act as gatekeepers, as they decide what news they will deliver.
60
Who coined the term “Gatekeeping”?
Kurt Lewin coined the term “Gatekeeping” in 1947. He used it to describe a wife, or mother as the person who decides which food ends up on the family’s dinner table.
## Footnote
In media a gatekeeper is a person/ institution that controls access to something.
61
Press Complaints Commission (PCC) & Newspaper Regulation
* The PCC was a non-statutory body meaning it had no legal power as was not supported by the law.
* Could not award compensation or take legal action against journalists/editors who breached the Code of Practice.
* Its strongest action was to ask the offending publication to offer the complainant an apology, either as a letter or a printed correction as close to the original article page as possible.
* Criticised for being weak and ineffective, especially in holding powerful papers like the Daily Mail accountable.
62
Regulation of Newspaper Web Content (PCC)
* Online content had to follow the same PCC Code of Practice as printed versions.
* If a complaint led to a correction in print, the website version had to be changed or taken down too.
* A key challenge was global accessibility — UK newspaper websites are viewed worldwide.
* This raised issues due to international privacy laws, making global regulation more complex.
