Newton's Laws, Force and Technology

Question 1

What does biomechanics enable performers and coaches to do?

Answer 1

• Analyse performance
• Maximise movement efficiency and sporting technique
• Reduce or prevent injuries
• Design and choose the correct equipment to satisfy the demands of the activity

Question 2

What are Newton’s laws of motion?

Answer 2

• Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
• Newton’s Second Law (Law of Acceleration)
• Newton’s Third Law (Law of Reaction)

Question 3

What is Newton’s First Law?

Answer 3

” A body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external or unbalanced force”

Question 4

What is inertia?

Answer 4

The resistance of a body to change its state of motion, whether at rest or while moving

Question 5

What is Newton’s Second Law?

Answer 5

” A body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and acts in the same direction as the force applied”

Question 6

What is Newton’s Third Law?

Answer 6

” For every action force applied to a body there is an equal and opposite reaction force”

Question 7

How do you calculate velocity?

Answer 7

Velocity = displacement
——————–
time

Question 8

How do you calculate momentum?

Answer 8

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Question 9

How do you calculate acceleration?

Answer 9

Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)
——————————————-
time

Question 10

How do you calculate force?

Answer 10

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Question 11

What is ‘net force’?

Answer 11

The sum of all forces acting on a body

Question 12

What 5 effects can force have on a body?

Answer 12

• Can create motion
• Can accelerate a body
• Can decelerate a body
• Can change the direction of a body
• Can change the shape of a body

Question 13

What are the vertical forces acting on a body?

Answer 13

Weight and Reaction

Question 14

How is weight calculated?

Answer 14

Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity(10)

Question 15

What are the horizontal forces acting on a body?

Answer 15

Friction and Air Resistance

Question 16

What factors affect friction?

Answer 16

• Roughness of the ground surface
• Roughness of contact surface
• Temperature
• Size of normal reaction

Question 17

What factors affect air resistance?

Answer 17

• Velocity
• Shape
• Fronal cross-sectional area
• Smoothness of surface

Question 18

What is limb kinematics?

Answer 18

Assessing the movement in relation to time and space. It allows joint and limb efficiency to be evaluated with measurements of bone geometry.

Question 19

What are force plates?

Answer 19

A source to measure ground reaction forces in laboratory conditions. Dta gathered can be used to assess the size and direction of forces acting on the athlete.

Question 20

What are wind tunnels?

Answer 20

Wind tunnels measure the forces produced by the air against an objects surface. The aim of using them is to improve the flow of air around an object, streamlining its path through the oncoming air and potentially increasing lift or decreasing drag.