Nigeria Flashcards
(28 cards)
Closing the development gap aid advantages
Advantages of Aid:
1. Improves Health and Education
• Builds hospitals, schools, and provides clean water and medicine.
• Healthier and better-educated people can work and boost the economy.
Disadvantage of aid
Creates Dependency
• Countries may rely on aid instead of developing their own economy.
• Can slow down progress in the long run.
If a country becomes too dependent on foreign aid, it may not invest in its own economy, education, or healthcare systems.
This can lead on to a lack of self-reliance,
Closing the development gap investment
Creates jobs
• Investment in factories, offices, and infrastructure creates employment opportunities, improving income and reducing poverty.
• 🧠 Example: In Nigeria, Shell (a TNC) has invested in oil production, providing thousands of direct and indirect jobs.
Boosts the economy
• Investment increases tax revenue for the government, which can be spent on education, healthcare, and services.
• It can also help countries develop exports, strengthening their trade links.
Disadvantage of investment
Profits may leave the country
• Some companies take most of their profits back to their own country instead of reinvesting it locally. This is known as economic leakage.
2. Low wages and poor working conditions
• Some foreign companies may exploit workers by paying low wages or ignoring health and safety standards.
Case Study: Tourism in Jamaica – Closing the Development Gap
Economic Benefits:
• Tourism contributes 24% of Jamaica’s GDP.
• In 2019, Jamaica earned around $3 billion from tourism.
• Over 200,000 jobs are linked to tourism (e.g. hotels, transport, food, entertainment).
• The government uses the income to improve healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
➡️ This helps close the development gap by creating jobs, increasing incomes, and supporting long-term economic growth.
Investment in infrastructure, e.g. better roads, airports, and water supplies (especially around Montego Bay).
• Improved access to services like schools and healthcare in tourist areas.
• Training and skills development for workers in the tourism industry.
➡️ This improves quality of life, boosts education, and leads to higher literacy rates.
Jamaica disadvantage
Foot path erosion
Still north south divide from people on boats and plane people in south don’t get enough money
People in the north is wealth and people in the south is not wealth south has been no investment in new roads in the south 16 percentage of Jamaicans live in poverty
Many hotels are foreign-owned, so profits often leave Jamaica (economic leakage).
• Most jobs are low-paid and seasonal, offering little long-term security.
Inequality: Tourist investment is focused on the north coast, while inland areas remain poor.
• Local people may feel excluded from resorts and expensive facilities.
Impact of aid in Nigeria
Nigeria have recessive 4% of African aid
Donors may have political influence over what happens to aid
Social affects of outer Hebrides
Limited transport links: ferries and small airports are often affected by bad weather, making travel to the mainland difficult.
• This isolation can lead to feelings of social isolation and limit access to services.
Dept relief advantage
More money for development
• Instead of spending money on repaying debt, countries can invest in healthcare, education, infrastructure, and clean water.
• ✅ Example: Zambia had $4 billion of debt cancelled in 2005. As a result, the government started a free healthcare scheme in rural areas.
Boosts economic growth
• With reduced debt, countries become more economically stable, which encourages investment and creates jobs.
• This helps to increase the country’s income and reduce poverty.
Dept relief disadvantage
Can create dependency
• Some argue that if debt is cancelled too easily, countries might become too reliant on help and not manage their finances properly in the future.
Only helps some countries
• Not all countries are offered debt relief — only those seen as being able to use it responsibly. So it doesn’t help every poor country
Advantage of TNC
Valuable export revenues are earned
More money is spent in economy
Negative
Working conditions are often poor
Aid help close development gap GCSE geography
Improves health and education
• Long-term aid helps build hospitals and schools, which increases life expectancy and literacy rates.
• 🧠 Example: UK aid in Pakistan has helped to educate over 10 million children, especially girls, improving future job prospects
Aid can support farming, clean water, and small businesses, helping people earn more money and escape poverty.
• 💧 Example: WaterAid builds wells in rural African communities, so people spend less time collecting water and more time working or going to school.
Disadvantage aid
Dependency
• If aid is given for too long, countries may become reliant on it and fail to build their own economy.
2. Corruption
• In some cases, aid money is misused by corrupt governments and doesn’t reach the people who need it most.
Nigeria shell advantage social and economic
• Shell has created thousands of direct jobs in the oil industry for Nigerian workers.
• It also supports over 65,000 indirect jobs in related industries such as transport, construction, and catering.
• ✅ Evidence: Shell has invested in training and skills development for local Nigerian workers, improving long-term job prospects.
Nigeria shell advantage social
Shell funds education and healthcare programmes through its community investment schemes.
• ✅ Example: Shell has provided scholarships for Nigerian students and supported the building of clinics and water supply projects in rural areas.
Economic Nigeria
Shell pays taxes and royalties to the Nigerian government, contributing billions of dollars to the national economy.
• These funds can be used to improve infrastructure, build schools, and provide healthcare.
• ✅ Evidence: Shell’s operations help support around 91% of Nigeria’s export earnings, boosting its global trade.
Disadvantage Nigeria
Oil spills from Shell’s pipelines have caused serious water and soil pollution, especially in the Niger Delta.
• This has destroyed fishing grounds and farmland, affecting local people’s health, income, and food supply.
• ✅ Evidence: The Bodo oil spills (2008–09) led to a major legal case where Shell paid £55 million in compensation to local communities.
Shell has been criticised for burning off excess gas during oil extraction (called flaring), which releases toxic chemicals.
• This contributes to air pollution and respiratory problems for people living nearby.
• ✅ Evidence: Nigeria has one of the highest levels of gas flaring in the world, despite laws meant to reduce it.
Nigeria quality of life improvement social
Social Improvements
• Better access to healthcare and education has raised life expectancy and literacy rates.
• 🔍 Evidence: Life expectancy has risen from 46 years (1990) to over 60 years (2020).
• More children attend school, especially in urban areas.
This is good because people are living longer, healthier lives and have more job opportunities.
Nigeria quality of life economic
Just talk about shell yes it has
Economic Improvements
• Nigeria’s economy has grown due to oil exports, industrial growth, and foreign investment (e.g. from Shell).
• 🔍 Evidence: It is now Africa’s largest economy and a top 10 global oil exporter.
• Cities like Lagos and Abuja have seen major job growth in industry, banking, and tech.
This has created jobs, increased incomes, and helped grow the middle class.
Nigeria environmental quality of life Uea it has
Some development projects (e.g. in Lagos) include efforts to improve sanitation, electricity access, and waste disposal.
• 🔍 Evidence: Lagos’ urban renewal projects are improving slums like Makoko through better water and energy access
No it hasn’t quality of life
Oil production has caused oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation, harming ecosystems and livelihoods.
• 🔍 Evidence: In the Bodo oil spill (2008–09), Shell paid £55 million in compensation for polluting farmland and water.
• Farmland and fishing areas have been ruined, especially in the Niger Delta.
Healthcare and education are still poor in rural and northern regions.
• 🔍 Evidence: Many areas in the north-east are affected by poverty and conflict with Boko Haram, limiting access to services.
This means inequality has widened, especially between the north and south.
RHS2 porpose benefits
To reduce travel times and congestion, especially between major cities and economic hubs.
• To encourage business growth, boost productivity, and create jobs.
• To connect regions more effectively, helping to reduce the North–South divide.
• To make the UK more globally competitive by improving access to ports, airports, and trade links.
Benefits of rhs2
A planned high-speed rail link between London, Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds.
• Will reduce travel times (e.g. London to Birmingham from 1hr 21m to around 52m).
• Creates tens of thousands of construction jobs and supports local business investment.
Benefits to the economy:
✅ Increases productivity by linking cities more efficiently.
Evidence of the north and the south
