Paper 3 Fieldwork Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Hypothesis
A
✅ River velocity increases downstream
✅ Sediment becomes smaller and more rounded downstream
2
Q
Methods
Data collected
A
3
Q
How was river velocity measured?
A
Time taken for a float to travel 10m stretch of river using a stopwatch.
4
Q
Presentation of Results physical
A
5
Q
Methods
Data collected
A
6
Q
Velocity generally increased..
A
Downstream
7
Q
Sediment size decreased…
A
and shape became rounder
8
Q
What geographical model did your river results support?
A
The Bradshaw Model – predicts how rivers change downstream.
9
Q
Evaluation (What could go wrong?)
A
10
Q
Methods
Data collected
A
11
Q
Hypotheses humans
A
✅ Tourist footfall is highest in the town centre
✅ Tourism causes environmental impacts (e.g. litter, congestion)
12
Q
Methods
A
13
Q
What primary methods did you use in the town centre?
A
Pedestrian count, environmental quality survey, and land-use mapping.
14
Q
Presentation of Results human
A
15
Q
Conclusions
A
• Highest footfall in the town centre
• Tourist hotspots had lower environmental quality (e.g. more litter)
• Locals had mixed views – some positive for economy, some negative for noise/parking
16
Q
What was the aim of your physical fieldwork?
A
To investigate how river characteristics change downstream
17
Q
Evaluation (Weaknesses)
A
18
Q
What type of sampling did you use?
A
Systematic sampling along river transect / town centre
19
Q
Give one improvement for your river velocity method
A
Use a flow meter for more accuracy
20
Q
Name one strength and weakness of a questionnaire
A
Strength: first-hand info. Weakness: biased answers
21
Q
Different aims of physical and human
A
Physical = river changes, Human = tourism impact
22
Q
Different data types physical and human
A
Physical = mostly quantitative, Human = mixed (quantitative + qualitative)
23
Q
Sampling methods physical and humans
A
Physical = systematic along river, Human = stratified/systematic around town
24
Q
Conclusions
Physical and human
A
Physical = supported Bradshaw Model; Human = town centre most affected by tourism
25
What is the aim for human field work
Tourism’s impact in Keswick
26
Data type
Physical and human
Physical
Quantitative
Human
Quantitative + Qualitative
27
Key methods of physical field work
Float for velocity, calliper for sediment, depth with ruler
28
Key methods of human geography
Footfall count, EQ survey, questionnaire
29
What are the improvements to physical
Use flow meter, more sites
30
What are the improvement to humans geography
Survey locals, time sampling better
31
What was a risk during are physical geography
Slippery surface = wear appropriate clothing footwear like waders
Bad weather = wear weather appropriate clothing check weather forecast to prepare and make a judgment
32
Primary type of data
Original data collected first hand by fieldwork
For exam counting and measuring asking questions
33
Second type of data
Information from published sources which was collected manipulated by someone else
For example
Maps textbook newspapers
34
Primary data quantitive which…
which involves number and count ming
35
Qualitative which involves more
Subjective judgment
36
Sampling methods list
Random
Systematic
Stratified
37
Random
Random so that every person in a questionnaire survey has an equal chance of being selected
38
Systematic
I orking to a system to collect data for example every 20 metres or every 5th person
39
Data Type 1: River Velocity (Quantitative)
Description
Measured time it took for a floating object (e.g. an orange or cork) to travel a 10-metre stretch of river.
40
Data Type 1: River Velocity (Quantitative) Justification
Directly measures speed of flow – key to understanding how the river changes downstream.
41
Data Type 2: Sediment Size and Shape (Quantitative)
Description
Collected 10 pebbles at each site, measured their length using a ruler or calliper and judged roundness using a Power’s Roundness Scale.
42
Data Type 2: Sediment Size and Shape (Quantitative)
Justification
Helps test hypotheses about sediment becoming smaller and more rounded downstream.
43
Why These Were Appropriate for the Physical Enquiry:
They directly address the aim of how the river changes downstream.
44
Data Type 1: Pedestrian Counts (Quantitative) human
Description
Description: Counted the number of people walking past a fixed point for 5 minutes at several sites (e.g. high street, park entrance).
45
Data Type 1: Pedestrian Counts (Quantitative) human justification
Gives clear data on footfall – helps identify busy tourist areas.
• Quick and easy to repeat in different locations.
46
Data Type 2: Environmental Quality Survey (Qualitative + Quantitative) human description
Description: Rated aspects like litter, noise, building condition, and traffic on a scale (1–5) at each site.
47
Data Type 2: Environmental Quality Survey (Qualitative + Quantitative) human justification
Captures the quality of the environment, which can be affected by tourism.
48
Why These Were Appropriate for the Human Enquiry:
They allow for spatial comparisons across different zones of Keswick.
49
Physical two type of data collected
Velocity (float method)
Sediment size & shape
50
Human 3 type of data collected
Pedestrian counts
Environmental surveys
Questionnaires
51
justification meaning
to provide valid reasons and evidence
52
Enquiry 1 how dose the depth and river load change across the bend of a river physical or human
Physical
53
Enquiry 1 how dose the depth and river load change across the bend of a river
Hypothesis
Geographical Theory
Primary Data Collected
54
Enquiry 1 how dose the depth and river load change across the bend of a river
Hypothesis
1. The river is deeper on the outside of the bend. 2. The sediment is smaller and more rounded on the inside of the bend
55
Enquiry 1 how dose the depth and river load change across the bend of a river
Geographical Theory
- On a meander: faster flow and erosion on the outside = deeper. - Deposition on the inside = shallower with finer, more rounded material.
56
Enquiry 1 how dose the depth and river load change across the bend of a river
Primary Data Collected
1. River depth at intervals across the meander. 2. Sediment size and shape at inside vs outside bend.
57
What is the aim of the enquiry?
To investigate how the depth and sediment (river load) changes across a meander bend.
58
What was the hypothesis?
1. River is deeper on the outside of the bend.
2. Sediment is smaller and more rounded on the inside.
59
One improvement you could make?
Use more sites or a flow meter to get more accurate data.
60
Problems with the Data Collection Methods list
Sampling methods ( physically )
Equipment Used(human)
Time or survey
61
Equipment Used problems
Calliper / ruler for sediment size
Hard to measure irregularly shaped pebbles accurately - Human error in reading measurements - Ruler only shows length, not volume/weight
62
Sampling methods
Error problem data
- If not enough sample points taken, you could miss variation - May not have been consistent in how measurements were taken at each site
63
64
Time and survey data error
It was completed once during the morning to increase reliability we should have repeated it at different times of the day
65
Other data that might be useful
Physical
River velocity (speed of water)
66
Why might River velocity (speed of water) be more useful
Links closely to erosion and deposition – helps explain why depth and load change
67
Other data that might be useful human
Visitor numbers over the year (seasonal data)
Footfall data from tourist centre or shops
68
Why might be Footfall data from tourist centre or shops
Be more useful
Helps confirm pedestrian count trends
69
Why might Visitor numbers over the year (seasonal data)
Be more useful
Allows comparison of tourism at different times
70
Aims of the Enquiry human
• How tourism affects environmental quality in different parts of Keswick
• How tourists and local people perceive the positive and negative impacts
71
What was your human enquiry question?
What are the impacts of tourism on Keswick?”
72
Hypothesis
This hypothesis is designed to be tested using qualitative and quantitative data, allowing you to measure benefits
73
Hypothesis of human What are the impacts of tourism on Keswick
Tourism important to the economy
Tourism damage natural environment
74
Geographical Theory What are the impacts of tourism on Keswick human positives
Job creation in shops, cafés, hotels
Growth of local businesses
Improved infrastructure for visitors and residents
75
Geographical Theory negatives What are the impacts of tourism on Keswick negatives
Traffic congestion and pollution
Overcrowding and litter
Rising prices (e.g. housing, food)
76
Geographical Theory / Context
77
Data collection What are the impacts of tourism on Keswick human
Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)
78
Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) what did u do
Rated areas (0–5) on litter, noise, traffic, etc
79
Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) why it helped
Measured visual & environmental impacts of tourism
80
Why did you do a pedestrian count?
To measure how busy different areas of Keswick were → shows tourism activit
81
Why is Keswick a good location for this enquiry?
It’s in the Lake District – a major UK honeypot site with heavy tourism pressure.
82
What is an Environmental Quality Survey?
A scoring system rating things like litter, noise, and traffic in different places.
83
What dose morphology mean
How wide depth slop the river is
