Nitrates Flashcards by Лили Ауси

Q

Explain angina pectoris

A

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Q

What are the types of angina

A

Atherosclerotic angina (angina of effort or classic angina)
Vasospastic angina (rest angina, variant angina, or prinzmetal’s angina)
Unstable angina

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Q

Explain atherosclerotic angina and what it is caused by

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Q

How to treat atherosclerotic angina

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Q

Explain vasospastic angina

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Q

Explain unstable angina

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Q

What causes angina

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Q

How can angina pain be corrected

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Q

What are the traditional pharmacologic therapies for angina

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Q

What decreases the cardiac oxygen requirement in atherosclerotic angina

A

Nitrates
CCBs
B blockers

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Q

What increases the oxygen delivery by reducing spasm in vasospastic angina

A

Nitrates and CCBs but not B blockers

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Q

In some patients the nitrates and CCBs may cause what

A

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Q

List the nitrates used for angina

A

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate

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Q

Explain nitroglycerin

A

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Q

What are the dosage forms of nitroglycerin

A

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Q

A

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Q

What is a side effect of transdermal nitroglycerin and how to decrease the side effect

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A

Q

Explain the pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin

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A

Q

Explain isosorbide dinitrate

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Q

Explain the mechanism of action of nitrates

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Q

Explain the effect of nitrates on the cardiovascular system at low and higher doses

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Q

Explain the effect of nitrates on smooth muscles

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Q

Explain the effect of nitrates on arterial smooth muscles

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A

Q

Arteriolar dilation causes what

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A

Decrease in peripheral resistance and blood pressure

What is a side effect of nitrates on the cardiovascular system

Explain the mechanisms of the therapeutic benefit of nitrates in atherosclerotic angina

Explain the effect of nitrates on platelets

Explain the effects of nitrates on other organs

What are the clinical uses of nitrates

Acute treatment and prophylaxis of all types of angina Used in CHF

Explain how nitrates are used in all types of angina

Explain how nitrates are used in CHF

Why could nitrates be used for heart failure

Explain the toxicity of nitrates

When are nitrates contraindicated

If intracranial pressure is elevated

What is an adverse effect of nitrates due to long acting preparations and how to fix the adverse effect

When should a nitrate free interval in patients be in late afternoon

In patients with Vatican angina as it worsens in the early morning due to increase in catecholamine

How should nitrates not be used in patients with SIHD

Explain amylnitrite

How is the amylnitrite available

Why currently is amylnitrite recommended for treating cyanide poisoning

Explain the toxicity of nitrites