Nitrogen

Question 1

present in AA and when AA get degrades it has two fates

Answer 1

nitrogen

Question 2

nitrogen components can be used to

Answer 2

create nitrogen containing compounds like heme or is excreted as urea

Question 3

under conditions of constant weight, ureas

Answer 3

is the only paarameter that changes according to protein intake

Question 4

balanced nitrogen levels

Answer 4

not gaining muscle or protein

Question 5

positive nitrogen levels

Answer 5

overall increase in body protein

Question 6

negative nitrogen levels from trauma

Answer 6

higher loss of body protein and more urea excretion

Question 7

negative nitrogen levels from insufficient protein/dietary protein

Answer 7

loss of body protein to A.A. pool

Question 8

ammonia regeneration in

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

ammonia is incorporate to

Answer 9

urea

Question 10

transfer of nitrogen to

Answer 10

common carrier

Question 11

catalyzes reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate nad AA

Answer 11

aminotransferase

Question 12

alpha-keto and AA forms

Answer 12

glutamate and alpha-keto acid

Question 13

cofactor in reaction of alpha-keto to glutamate

Answer 13

PLP

Question 14

PLP is derived from vitamin

Answer 14

B6

Question 15

catalyzes rxn of glutamate to alpha-ketogluturate and ammonia

Answer 15

glutamate DH

Question 16

Glutamate DH occurs in the

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

Glutamate DH produces

Answer 17

NADH

Question 18

Glutamate DH is inhibited by

Answer 18

energy rich

Question 19

Glutamate DH is activated by

Answer 19

low energy

Question 20

there is only one reaction that can form ammonia

Answer 20

FALSE: a few different one

Question 21

ammonia can be excreted in three ways

Answer 21

1. run Glutamate DH in reverse
2. Create Glutamine via Glutamine synth
3. urea cycle

Question 22

when glutamte DH is done in the reverse and creates glutamate it consumes

Answer 22

NH4+

Question 23

is a central intersection of the urea cycle

Answer 23

glutamate

Question 24

the creation or consumption of glutamate results in the formation of

Answer 24

NH4+

Question 25

reaction of glutamine to glutamate via glutaminase results in

Answer 25

NH4+

Question 26

alanine or AA can turn into glutamate in cytosol

Answer 26

coming from muscle by Cori/cahill cycle

Question 27

reacts later on in urea cycle to donate NH4+

Answer 27

aspartate

Question 28

reaction of aspartate aminotransferase react glutamate + OAA to form

Answer 28

alpha-keto and aspartate

Question 29

combines in the mitochondria with ornithine and ornithine transcarbamoylase

Answer 29

carbamoyl phosphate

Question 30

carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine -->

Answer 30

citrulline

Question 31

citrulline leaves the mitochondria by

Answer 31

ATP dependent transport

Question 32

citrulline in the cytoplasm combines with aspartate to make

Answer 32

argininosuccinate

Question 33

enzyme that is used to catalyze the reaction between citrulline and aspartate

Answer 33

argininosuccinate synthase

Question 34

argininosuccinate is broken by

Answer 34

argininosuccinase

Question 35

argininosuccinate is broken down to

Answer 35

fumarate and arginine

Question 36

arginine is broken down by

Answer 36

arginase

Question 37

arginine is broken to produce _________ and regenerate _______

Answer 37

urea and regenerate ornithine

Question 38

reenters the mitochondria to start cycle

Answer 38

ornithine

Question 39

urea has

Answer 39

2 ammonia molecules

Question 40

urea ammonia comes from

Answer 40

NH4+ and from aspartate

Question 41

CPSI is strongly promoted by

Answer 41

N-acetyl glutamate

Question 42

strong promoter of N-acetyl glutamate

Answer 42

arginine

Question 43

dysfunction of NAGs leads to low activated of CPSI

Answer 43

NAGS deficiency

Question 44

carbaglu

Answer 44

treats NAGs deficinecy

Question 45

CPSI catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and NH4+ and 2 ATP to form

Answer 45

carbamoyl phosphate

Question 46

developmental delays, cognitive delays, seizures, protein intolerance

Answer 46

genetic defects of urea cycle

Question 47

tx for defects in urea cycle

Answer 47

- low protein diet | - increase nitrogen excretion

Question 48

acts as a product and substrate of the urea cycle

Answer 48

ornithine

Question 49

can react with alpha-ketoglutarate to form glutamate via glutamic x-semialdehyde

Answer 49

orntihine

Question 50

glutamic x-semialdehyde can be turned into

Answer 50

proline

Question 51

ornithine can be used to create

Answer 51

Arginine

Question 52

arginine is used to make

Answer 52

NO and creatine

Question 53

can be used to make polyamines

Answer 53

ornithine

Question 54

is the one that binds DNA in sperm

Answer 54

spermine

Question 55

arginine, ornithine, glutamate/glutamine and proline are all

Answer 55

metabolically linked