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Biochem 4 > Protein digestion > Flashcards

Protein digestion Flashcards

exam 4

1
Q

source of nitrogen-containing substances in the body, including proteins, heme, nucleic acids

A

Amino acids

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2
Q

used for fuel or for making glucose

A

excess amino acids

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3
Q

aa pool of blood supplies aa’s to

A

tissues

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4
Q

where is pepsin found?

A

stomach

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5
Q

where is trypsin found?

A

small intestine

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6
Q

where is chymotrypsin found?

A

small intestine

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7
Q

where is elastase found?

A

small intestine

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8
Q

where is carboxypeptidase found?

A

small intestine

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9
Q

propetide of pepsin binds at

A

high pH

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10
Q

pepsin is active at

A

low pH

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11
Q

which organ secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach contents?

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

pancreas is stimulated by ____ to release bicarbonate

A

CCK

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13
Q

key enzyme to convert zymogens to active enzyme

A

trypsin

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14
Q

released from the cells lining the small intestine to initiate trypsinogen conversion to trypsin

A

enteropeptidase

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15
Q

biochemical basis of inherited forms of pancreatitis stems from

A

overactive trypsin

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16
Q

mutations in trypsin

A

reduce binding to its inhibitor

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17
Q

transported across membranes using transporters that are specific for groups of aa

A

amino acids

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18
Q

amino acids are brought into cells typically using a

A

sodium-linked transporter

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19
Q

disease that results from a

A

defective transport

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20
Q

defective transport in cystinuria also leads to

A

elevated lysine because it uses the same transporter

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21
Q

build up of cystein leads to

A

cystine-based deposits in the kidney

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22
Q

loss of tryptophan because of a defective transporter

A

Hartnup

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23
Q

hartnup leads to

A

tryptophan deficiency

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24
Q

made from tryptophan

A

Niacin

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25
Q

D3: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

A

deficiency in niacin- Pellagra

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26
Q

difference btween Pellagra and Hartnup?

A

high tryptophan in urine in Hartnup

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27
Q

intracellular proteins recognized by _____________ and are tagged by _____________ and degraded by the ________

A

intracellular proteins recognized by E3 ubiquitin-ligase and are tagged by polyubiquitin and degraded by the proteasome

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28
Q

An initiating ______ ligates uniquitin to an E3 bound substrate

A

E2

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29
Q

signals for protein to be tagged can be

A

within the amino acid sequences

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30
Q

example of a signal within aa

A

identity of the N-terminal aa

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31
Q

HPV E6 protein to recruit E6-AP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase

A

facilitator protein

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32
Q

recognizes and ubiquitinates p53

A

E6-AP

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33
Q

products of proteosome are

A

short peptides

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34
Q

the short peptides are degraded to aa by

A

cellular proteases

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35
Q

example of an E3-type ubiquitin ligase that is associated with Parkinson’s disease

A

Parkin

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36
Q

re-used

A

ubiquitin

37
Q

doesn’t allow ubiquitin recycling and might contribute to Parkinson’s

A

lack of deubiquintinase

38
Q

more protein is ______ and _______ than used in the diet

A

broken down and re-made

39
Q

amino acid pool turns over

A

frequently

40
Q

disease of inadequate protein

A

kwashiorkor

41
Q

has a lower ‘chemical’ score

A

vegetable-based protein

42
Q

PVT TIM HALL

A

P- phenylalanine
V- valine
T- tryptophan

T- Threonine
I- Isoleucine
M- methionine

H- histidine
A- arginine
L- Leucine
L- Lysine

43
Q

Over the course of a day, where does most of the tryptophan in the free amino acid pool come from in humans? (have to assume a typical American diet)
A. degradation of body protein
B. dietary meat
C. dietary vegetables
D. synthesis from a glycolytic intermediate

A

A. degradation of body protein (yes, about 3/4)

44
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

H+

45
Q

Chief cells secreate

A

pepsinogen

46
Q

acid release of parietal cells will activate

A

pepsinogen

47
Q

Pancreas releases ___________ and _________ to neutralize the acid of the stomach

A

zymogen proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate

48
Q

pesinogen is activated to

A

pepsin

49
Q

at higher pH, ____________ segment interferes with active site

A

pro-peptide

50
Q

_________ will digest peptides

A

activated pepsin

51
Q

mucosal cells will release ___ and ______ when acidic chyme passes through small intestine to duodenum

A

secretin and cck

52
Q

cck causes bile duct of gall bladder to release

A

bile

53
Q

secretin inhibits __________ function and stimulates ductal cells of pancreas to create _______

A

inhibits parietal cell and creates bicarbonate

54
Q

pancrease releases ___________ and _________

A

bicarbonate and zymogens

55
Q

the activating enzyme for trypsinogen is

A

enteropeptidase

56
Q

trypsinogen is activated into

A

trypsin

57
Q

trypsin cleaves at

A

lysine/arginine

58
Q

cleaves ar large hydrophobic aa

A

chymotrypsin

59
Q

cleaves small hydrophobic aa

A

elastase

60
Q

cleaves sat the C-terminus

A

carboxypeptidase

61
Q

all digestive proteolytic enzymes have the ability to degrade themselves

A

YEs

62
Q

Which enzyme is tightly controlled in the pancrease

A

trypsin

63
Q

inhibited trypsin can lead to

A

pancreatitis

64
Q

nor hereditary of the pancreas

A

duct blockage

65
Q

hereditary pancreas

A

mutation in trypsin

66
Q

oligopeptides undergo action by _________ before absorption

A

aminopeptidase

67
Q

when proteins finally meet enterocytes, they arrive as ______ or _______

A

a.a. or oligopeptides

68
Q

in the enterocytes will catalyze the final breakdown into single AAs

A

peptidases

69
Q

defective kidney transporter for cystine

A

cystinuria

70
Q

due to lack of tryptophan transportation

A

Hartnup

71
Q

lysosomal proteases that degrade extracellular proteins

A

cathepsins

72
Q

pathway for intracellular protein degradation

A

ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

73
Q

poly-ubi tag on protein is recognized by

A

proteasome

74
Q

MHC I cells use _________________ to present peptide on extracellular surface

A

Tag transporter

75
Q

recycles ubiquitin

A

deubiquitinase

76
Q

proteasome has a _________ and a _______

A

regulatory particle and core particle

77
Q

via proteolysis, the ______ of the proteasome will generate short peptides

A

core particle

78
Q

edits wrongly tagged proteins

A

polybiquitin

79
Q

which N-terminal is degraded the slowest

A

methionine

80
Q

facilitates the degradation of p53

A

HPV E6

81
Q

ubiquitation signals,

in the protein sequence and not variable

A
  1. N-end rule
  2. PEST sequence
  3. Destruction boxes
82
Q

ubiquitation signals,

external factors and more variable

A
  1. phosphorylation
  2. denaturation/damage
  3. facilitators/chaperones
83
Q

characterized by Lewy bodies in the brain which cause loss of neuronal cells and loss of dopamine

A

Parkinson’s disease

84
Q

tagged by Parkin

A

Protein X

85
Q

protein X deubiquitinase

A

UCH-L1

86
Q

E3- ubiquitin ligase that with a mutation can lead to protein deposits

A

Parkin

87
Q

characterized by incomplete protein or insufficient protein but sufficient calories

A

Kwashiorkor

88
Q

How are essential AA attained?

A

from diet or degradation of body stores

89
Q

higher chemical store

A

animal protein

Biochem 4 (8 decks)

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