NLM Chapter 3 (Planning)

Question 1

Prime function, a sub-process of management wherein a plan of action is formulated

Answer 1

Planning

Question 2

It is a dynamic, intellectual process involving problem solving and decision making

Answer 2

Planning

Question 3

It is a process of making the organization selectively move and change in tune with relevant changes in the external environment

Answer 3

Planning

Question 3

Planning is a prime managerial function which provides the basis for the other managerial functions. The organizational structure of task and authority roles is built around organizational pairs

Answer 3

King-pin Function

Question 4

In Principle of Planning,

Chief executive of the organization must show genuine interest in planning

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 4

Principle of Top Management Interest

Question 5

In Principle of Planning,

Every manager must plan decisions after a full analysis

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 5

Principle of Long-Range View

Question 6

In Principle of Planning,

Planning holds the prime position in the process of management

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 6

Principle of Primacy of Planning

Question 7

In Principle of Planning,

Helps the organization to cope with rapid and unforeseen changes

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 7

Principle of Flexibility

Question 8

In Principle of Planning,

A regular process of monitoring the course of external events combined with a review and revisions of plans

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 8

Principle of Navigation Change

Question 9

In Principle of Planning,

Helps in the determination of the planning period

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 9

Principle of Commitment

Question 10

In Principle of Planning,

Managers should pay due attention to tackle those limiting factors which hinder in achieving the objectives

Top Management Interest, Long-Range View, Primacy of Planning, Flexibility, Navigation Change, Commitment, Limiting Factor

Answer 10

Principle of Limiting Factor

Question 11

In Elements of Planning

It is the purpose or reason of existence of an organization

Organizational Mission, Philosophy, Goal, Objectives

Answer 11

Organizational Mission

Includes purpose and values, stakeholders, responsibilities towards clients, and main objectives supporting the company to accomplish the mission

Question 12

In Elements of Planning

It states the beliefs, concepts, and principles of an organization

Organizational Mission, Philosophy, Goal, Objectives

Answer 12

Philosophy

Question 13

In Elements of Planning

Broad (general) statements what aims to achieve; overarching and may not always be specific or measurable

Organizational Mission, Philosophy, Goal, Objectives

Answer 13

Goal

Question 14

In Elements of Planning

Specific results that an organization seeks to achieve

Organizational Mission, Philosophy, Goal, Objectives

Answer 14

Objectives (May be multiple and changed)

Fx: Define organization, provide directions for decision making, set standards of performance, and integrate OGI

Question 15

In Types of Planning

It is a systematic process focusing on performance improvement and strategies to accomplish desired outcomes

Answer 15

Strategic Planning

Question 16

In Types of Planning

Management tool that helps organizations set long-term goals

Answer 16

Strategic Planning

Question 17

In Types of Planning

It is simple and easily understood by the participants; the way it is developed depends on the nature of the organization

Answer 17

Strategic Planning

Question 18

In Types of Planning

This requires a multidisciplinary approach and consists of formulation of strategies

Answer 18

Strategic Planning

Question 19

In Types of Planning

This assists managers to resolve organizational problems and goals, improve performance strategies, and build teamwork expertise

Answer 19

Strategic Planning

Question 20

Strategic plans in certain organizations may be drafter for ____ or more years

Answer 20

10

Question 21

In Types of Planning

Involves the organization and direction of the delivery of nursing care

It is the blueprint by which the objectives of a department or unit are put into measurable actions

Answer 21

Operational Planning

Question 22

This focuses on sustaining the course of action and ensuring the employee’s ability to perform the designated tasks

Answer 22

Operational Plan

Question 23

What is this?

Improve patient satisfaction and unit staff’s cross training

Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes

Answer 23

Goal

Question 24

# *What is this?* To provide high-quality care to patients ## Footnote *Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes*

Answer 24

Mission

Question 25

# *What is this?* To become leader in health care in Manila ## Footnote *Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes*

Answer 25

Vision

Question 26

# *What is this?* Within 6 weeks, 85% of patients will report satisfaction with care provided ## Footnote *Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes*

Answer 26

Objectives

Question 27

# *What is this?* Answer patient's call light within 2 minutes ## Footnote *Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes*

Answer 27

Strategies

Question 28

# *What is this?* 87% of the patients in the unit reported satisfaction with care provided ## Footnote *Mission, Vision, Goal, Objectives, Strategies, or Outcomes*

Answer 28

Outcomes

Question 29

They usually identify and mitigate obstacles, ensures comprehensive implementation of operational plans, collect data, and ensure employees involvement in operation plan

Answer 29

Middle Managers

Question 30

Common tools used for detailed operational plans (3)

Answer 30

Gantt Chart (Finkler & Kovner, 2000) Critical Path Method (Baker, 2006) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (McGuffin, 1999)

Question 31

# *In Operational Planning Tools,* Purpose of this tool is to * Assess project duration * Determine resource requirements * Sequence task order * Monitor project **progress** ## Footnote *Gantt Chart, Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique*

Answer 31

Gantt Chart

Question 32

# *In Operational Planning Tools,* Utilizes **diagram** to depict activities and timelines. It is used to monitor project goal achievement and implement **remedial actions** if progress is unsatisfactory ## Footnote *Gantt Chart, Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique*

Answer 32

Critical Path Method

Question 33

# *In Operational Planning Tools,* Calculates realistic timeframes: * Shortest possible time * Most likely length of time * Longest time it might take ## Footnote *Gantt Chart, Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique*

Answer 33

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Question 34

Its' purpose is to influence time estimates away from unrealistically short time scales

Answer 34

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Question 35

PERT Formula

Answer 35

[(shortest time + 4) x likely time + longest time] divided by 6

Question 36

# *Strategic or Operational* Time Frame: Long-term (typically 3-5 years)

Answer 36

Strategic

Question 37

# *Strategic or Operational* Time Frame: Short-Term (current year, quarters, or months)

Answer 37

Operational

Question 38

# *Strategic or Operational* Responsibility: Top-Level Management (CEOs, Board of Directors)

Answer 38

Strategic

Question 39

# *Strategic or Operational* Responsibility: Middle Management or Department Heads

Answer 39

Operational

Question 40

# *Strategic or Operational* Type of Goals: Broad, High-Level Business Goals for overall growth and market positioning

Answer 40

Strategic

Question 41

# *Strategic or Operational* Specific, measurable, detailed goals for **day-to-day operations**

Answer 41

Operational

Question 42

# *Strategic or Operational* Budget: Larger, expenditures aligned with a long term strategy

Answer 42

Strategic

Question 43

# *Strategic or Operational* Budget: Allocating of **existing resources**, managing routine operational costs

Answer 43

Operational

Question 44

# *Strategic or Operational* Content: Long-term and core strategic goals

Answer 44

Strategic

Question 45

# *Strategic or Operational* Content: Operating budget, resource allocation, **detailed action plans**

Answer 45

Operational

Question 46

# *Strategic or Operational* Review Frequency: Annually or Bi-Annually

Answer 46

Strategic

Question 47

# *Strategic or Operational* Review Frequency: Quarterly, Monthly, or Weekly

Answer 47

Operational

Question 48

What are the planning steps / process (5)

Answer 48

* Forecasting / Estimating the Future * Defining the Philosophy and Objectives * Identifying Strategies * Setting the Time Frame * Preparing the Budget

Question 49

This involves the attempt to estimate how a condition will be and to determine what is needed in the future

Answer 49

Forecasting or Estimating the Future

Question 50

# *True or False* Managers should be informed and updated on legal, political, and socioeconomic factors influencing healthcare and the community

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Can be done by assessing the current status and past information (Internal and External Assessment)

Answer 51

Forecasting ## Footnote *Internal - financial resources, information systems, and research capabilities* *External - competiton for services in the community*

Question 52

Environmental Assessment Techniques

Answer 52

- PEST Analysis - SWOT Analysis - Risk Assessment

Question 53

These influence the philosophy and objectives of organization by providing set values and beliefs that guide all actions and planning

Answer 53

Vision and Mission Statements

Question 54

Determine any undesirable circumstances and keep track of administrative measures to prevent or control them (prepare backup plans)

Answer 54

Identifying Strategies

Question 55

Create a schedule completing each goal and **identify by geographical units**

Answer 55

Setting the Time Frame

Question 56

What planning step includes the fiscal or continuous 12 month period?

Answer 56

Preparing the Budget

Question 57

This gives functional and operational nurse managers **guidelines / broad instruction** that will help them create action plans to carry out the **goals and objectives**

Answer 57

Preparing the Budget ## Footnote *Past budget history is reviewed to determine **average supply costs & average daily census*** *for the unit*

Question 58

Review and Approval Process of Preparing the Budget

Answer 58

- Reviewers - Board of Trustees - Implementation

Question 59

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Information needed for planning is often incomplete; its reliability tends to be doubtful ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 59

Based on Certain Assumptions

Question 60

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Forcasting is not an exact science; assumptions or premises that is wide off the mark affects basis of plans ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 60

Incomplete Information

Question 61

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Managers have little knowledge and less control over several elements of external environment. There is often no way to bring external situation under the discipline of planning ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 61

Lack of Control

Question 62

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Plans become quickly outdated and irrelevant even before they are implemented ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 62

Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment

Question 63

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Planning is a process in a sense that it is always in a state of flux; future is always a moving target This is due to the march of the times and **changes** which characterize the future as it unfolds ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 63

Fluid Process

Question 64

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Managers are likely to insist on **strict compliance with pre-determined plans**; means foregoing new opportunities and better options ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 64

Rigidity

Question 64

# *In Resistance to Planning,* Many manageres may not have the time or taste for such exercises. For another, managers attach more importance to action and that **too timely action wherein lies much activism and dynamism** ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 64

Delay in Action

Question 65

# *In Resistance to Planning,* May be far removed from realities (**"untouchables"**) or due to managers too busy struggling with crises ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 65

Plans Might Remain on Paper

Question 66

# *In Resistance to Planning,* The detailed plans may not reflect the intents of broad plans in a consistent manner ## Footnote *Based on Certain Assumptions, Incomplete Information, Lack of Control, Difficult to Change with the Changing Environment, Fluid Process, Delay in Action, Rigidity, Plans Might Remain on Paper, Difficult to Implement at Unit Level*

Answer 66

Difficult to Implement at Unit Level

Question 67

# *True or False* Managers have big knowledge and more control over several elements of external environment

Answer 67

False (little knowledge and less control)

Question 68

# *True or False* There is often a way to bring external situation under the discipline of planning

Answer 68

False (there is often **no** way)

Question 69

# *True or False* It may be **easy** to formulate **broad plans** at the **corporate level**

Answer 69

True

Question 70

It is a type of analysis focused on **internal** factors

Answer 70

SWOT Analysis

Question 71

It is a type of analysis focused on **external** factors

Answer 71

PEST Analysis

Question 72

Which steps / process in planning involves identifying potential challenges, implementing administrative measure to address them, and preparing backup plans?

Answer 72

Identifying Strategies