NLW Test 2 OC/Taser

Question 1

when was oc first used and by whom for what and how

Answer 1

OC was created in 2000 B.C. during the wars between China and India. Dried red peppers were used with rice paper (burned, shot by arrow or thrown. or thrown into faces.)

Question 2

In 1930

Answer 2

U.S. Military developed OC, but found no effective use for military

Question 3

In 1960

Answer 3

USPS started carrying OC to repel dogs at .35% volume

Question 4

In 1974

Answer 4

The Gardener Whitcomb developed the first commercial OC product in his home in Florida. called “capstun”

Question 5

In 1987

Answer 5

The FBI fire arms training unit began experimenting and testing with OC

Question 6

In 1990 January

Answer 6

OC was adopted by the FBI

Question 7

3 most commonly used chemical compounds

Answer 7

OC- Oleoresin Capsicum ( mostly an oily resin)
CN- Lachrymator (micro particulate)
CS- Irritant (micro particulate)

Question 8

Oleoresin

Answer 8

A mixture of resin, and essential oil found naturally in plants

Question 9

Capsicum

Answer 9

Any plant in the Capsicum genus.
range from mild-hot
enclosed in potted or bell shaped pericap

Question 10

Oleoresin Capsicum

Answer 10

oil of capsicum

Question 11

Pungency

Answer 11

The heat or intensity of the pepper

Question 12

Capsaicinoids

Answer 12

alkaloid compounds naturally occurring within the fats, oils, and waxes of the pepper plant. the amount of these compounds determines the pungency.

Question 13

Capsaicin

Answer 13

most prevalent of the 7 compounds found in capsaicinoids.
is the active ingredient in OC
measured by high pressure liquid chromatography.

Question 14

Scoville heat units

Answer 14

Scale used to determine the perception of heat based upon the capsaicinoid content of the plant

Question 15

Solvents

Answer 15

liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispensing one or more other substances

Question 16

Emulsifier

Answer 16

Bonds two or more liquids together

Question 17

Carrier

Answer 17

the ingredients other than the OC that comprise the OC formula

Question 18

Propellant

Answer 18

the gas or liquid that propels the OC from canister to target

Question 19

Stage 1

Answer 19

Harvesting the peppers
dry and micro pulverize them
extract caps.
add solvents to remove waxes, oils, fats this mixture is called Miscella
distillation occurs, OC is left behind must be diluted

Question 20

Stage 2

Answer 20

• Oil based blend to desired level of pungency, end will be 4.0% and 1million SHU
• water diluted, add emulsifier
• ensure refinement process W/F/O removed
• Caps content lowered because of dilution
• Water based OC is non flammable
• 2% caps content, 500k SHU

Question 21

Stage 3

Answer 21

Manufacturers must dilute the OC to specific pungency level to ensure capsaicin is evenly dispursed

Oil based- must be mixed with industrial based solvents
ensure refinement removed F/O/W
5% pepper spray

water- small solvents and emulsifier used to evenly disperse the caps

• 9:1 mix
• 10% oc

Question 22

maradmin458/08

Answer 22

caps content .18-.22, non-flammable and non carcinogenic

Question 23

Spray patterns

Answer 23

fog small
stream medium
foam large

Question 24

Mk4 fog

Answer 24

aerosol style ( wide cone)
micro droplets that cover eyes nose and face
range 3-8
min safe 36

Question 25

Mk4 stream

Answer 25

more concentrated contamination max effect 3-12 ft min safe 36

Question 26

Mk4 foam

Answer 26

max effect 3-5 min safe 36 in used for close/tight or low light conditions

Question 27

methods of delivery

Answer 27

Up/down- fog OC side to side ( ear to ear)- Stream OC spiral- Fog OC

Question 28

Mk9 Fog

Answer 28

``` distributes large quantity of OC into vast area contains 1lbs of OC range 6-15 ft multi burst crowd control weapon displace O2 in tight spaces min safe 6 ft MoD- nose to mouth ```

Question 29

Mk9 stream

Answer 29

more controlled stream, minimizes cross contamination. particulates don't last long in air, blind enemy instead 6-15 ft ear to ear motion min safe 6ft

Question 30

MK9 Foam

Answer 30

``` large quantities of OC into vast area 1Lbs of OC 6-9ft used in closed spaces with poorly ventilated areas displace O2 min safe 6ft circular motion ```

Question 31

m64 riot extinguisher

Answer 31

Large quantities of OC in a more controlled fashion minimizing cross contamination ... -visually impair multiple subjects -12-30ft min safe 12 ft ear to ear above subjects head to prevent respiratory issues from saturated clothing.

Question 32

Hydraulic needle effect

Answer 32

when OC particulate penetrates the soft tissue of the eye. | due to being to close with pressurized can

Question 33

employment consideration

Answer 33

``` Cross contamination Flames/carcinogenic awareness target area/spray volume employment formula ```

Question 34

first defense OC

Answer 34

non flammable or carcinogenic, used by Usmc meets maradmin458/08

Question 35

3 levels of contamination

Answer 35

Level 1 - Direct physical contact Level 2- Indirect or secondary contact with OC Level 3- entering a contaminated zone

Question 36

Physiological effects

Answer 36

``` eyes shutting Involuntary movement of hands to face burning sensation of eyes, mucus membranes, burning skin mucus secretion shortness of breath ```

Question 37

psychological effects

Answer 37

Anxiety fear panic ( the reality of ones fears)

Question 38

methods of Draw OC

Answer 38

Strong side draw Cross draw tactical assist

Question 39

Stances

Answer 39

2 handed stance one handed stance 2 handed conceal carry front low profile carry

Question 40

in custody handling

Answer 40

restrain transport detain

Question 41

3 major causes of death while in custody

Answer 41

lack of supervision failing to provide immediate physical relief improper documentation

Question 42

sudden in custody death syndrome

Answer 42

positional asphyxia

Question 43

shelf life and storage

Answer 43

120degrees - 32 degrees climate controlled, mk4 and mk9 5 years mk46 3 years

Question 44

central nervous system

Answer 44

command center ( brain and spinal cord) processes information and make decisions.

Question 45

Sensory nervous system

Answer 45

nerves that carry info from the body to the brain, touch temp

Question 46

motor nervous

Answer 46

nerves that carry commands from the brain to muscles that control movement

Question 47

carpet static discharge

Answer 47

30,000v

Question 48

1200v peak (x26 into body)

Answer 48

50,000 volts