Nobel Prizes Awarded for Immunologic Studies And Terminologies Flashcards
(141 cards)
0
Q
1885; Rabies Vaccine
A
Louis Pasteur
1
Q
1789; Smallpox Vaccination
A
Edward Jenner
2
Q
1901; Antiserum therapy esp. against diptheria
A
Emil Von Behring
3
Q
1905; Tuberculosis
A
Robert Koch
4
Q
1908; Theories of Immunity
A
Paul Ehrlich
5
Q
1908; Phagocytosis
A
Elie Metchnikoff
6
Q
1911; First Cancer Virus
A
Francis Rous
7
Q
1912; Organ grafting
A
Alexis Carrell
8
Q
1913; Anaphylaxis
A
Charles Richet
9
Q
1919; Theories of immunity/Complement
A
Jules Bordet
10
Q
1930; Human blood groups
A
Karl Landsteiner
11
Q
1945; Penicillin
A
Sir Alexander Fleming
12
Q
1945
A
Sir Ernst Borischain and Lord Howard Walter Floray
13
Q
1951; Yellow fever vaccine
A
Max Theiler
14
Q
1952; Streptomycin as first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis
A
Selman Abraham Waksman
15
Q
1957; Antihistamine research ( inhibit the action of histamine and other substances on vascular system and skeleton muscles.
A
Daniel Bovet
16
Q
1959; Mechanism of Biological synthesis of DNA and RNA
A
Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg
17
Q
1960; Immunological Tolerance
A
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
18
Q
1960
A
Sir Perer Brian Medawar
19
Q
1965; Genetic control of enzymes and virus synthesis
A
Francis Jacob
20
Q
1965
A
Andrei Lwoff and Jacques Monod
21
Q
1966; Tumor-inducing viruses
A
Payton Rous
22
Q
1968; Genetic code and its function in protein synthesis
A
River Holley and Har goblins khorana
23
Q
1968
A
Marshall Nirenberg
24
1969
Max Delbruck/Alfred Hershey
25
1969; Genetic structure of viruses
Salvador Luria
26
1972; Structure of Immunoglobulins
Rodney Porter
27
1972
Gerald Edelman
28
1975; Interactikn bet tumor viruses and genetic material of the cell
David Baltimore and Renato Dulbecco
29
1975
Howard Martin Ternin
30
1977; Radioimmunoassay
Rosalyn Yallow
31
1978; Restriction enzymes/application to problem of molecular genetics
Werner Arber and Daniel Nathan's
32
1978
Hamilton Smith
33
1980; immunogenetics and Histocompatibility
Baruj Benacerraf
34
1980; MHC that regulate immunological reap.
Jean Dausset
35
1983; Mobile Genetic Elements
Barbara McClintock
36
1983; HIV
Luc Montagnier
37
1984; Hybridoma Technology
Cesar Milstein
38
1984
George Kohler and Niels Jerne
39
1985; Polymerase Chain Reaction
Kary Mullis
40
1987; Immunoglobulin Genetics
Susumo Tonegawa
41
1989; Cellular origin of Retroviral oncogenes
J.Michael Bishop
42
1989
Harold Varmus
43
1990; Organ and Cell Transplantation
Joseph Murray
44
1990
E.Donnell Thomas
45
1996; Specificity of Cell mediated immune defense
Peter Doherty
| Rolf Zinkernagel
46
1997; Priors as new Biological principal of infection
Stanley Prusiner
47
1999; Singal transduction
Gunter Blobel
48
A life threatening disease caused by a virus and characterized by breakdown of the body's immune defenses.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
49
Almost total lack of immunoglobulins or antibodies
Agammaglobulinemia
50
Substance that causes allergy
Allergen
51
An inappropriate and harmful response of the immune system to normally harmless substances
Allergy
52
Life threatening allergic reaction characterized by a swelling of body tissues including the throat, difficulty in breathing and a sudden fall in blood pressure
Anaphylactic shock
53
Soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by B cells in response to an antigen, capable of binding to that specific antigen
Antibody
54
Substance that when introduce introduce into the body is recognized by the immune system.
Antigen
55
B cells, cells of the monocyte lineage and various other body cells that present antigen in a form that T cells can recognize
Antigen-presenting cells
56
Autoantibodies directed against a substance in the cell's nucleus
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
57
Serum that contains antibodies
Antiserum
58
Antibodies that interlock with and inactive toxins produced by certain bacteria
Antitoxins
59
Lymphoid organ in the intestine
Appendix
60
Weakened; no longer infectious
Attenuated
61
An antibody that reacts against a person's own tissue
Autoantibody
62
A disease that results when immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
Autoimmune disease
63
2 autoimmune disease
Rheumatoid arthritis and systematic lupus erythematosus
64
White blood cell that contributes to inflammatory response. Along with mast cells, they are responsible for the symptoms of allergy
Basophil
65
Small white blood cells crucial to the immune defenses. AKA B lymphocytes, derived from bone marrow and develop into plasma cells. Source of antibodies
B cells
66
Soft tissue located in the cavities of the bone. Source of all blood cells
Bone marrow
67
Physical structure in the cell's nucleus that houses the genes. 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosome
68
Complex of series of blood proteins whose action "complements" the work of antibodies. Destroys bacteria, produces inflammation and regulated immune reaction
Complement
69
Precise sequence of events usually triggered by an antigen-antibody complex. Each component of the complement system is activated in turn
Complement cascade
70
Part of an antibody' structure that is characterize for each antibody class
Constant region
71
Delivery of a second signal from an antigen-presenting cell to a T cell. Rescues the activated T cell from allergy, allowing it to price the lymphokines necessary for the growth of addiction T cells
Co-Stimulation
72
Powerful chemical substances secrets by cells. Includes lymphokines produced by lymphocytes and monokines produced by monocytes and macrophages
Cytokines
73
Subset of T lymphocytes can kill body cells infected by viruses or transformed by cancer.
Cytotoxic T Cells
74
WBC found in the spleen and other lymphoid organs. Use threadlike tentacles to enmesh antigen which they present to T cells.
Dendritic Cells
75
Nucleic acid that is found in the cell nucleus and that is the carrier of genetic information
DNA
76
WBC that contains granules filled with chemicals damaging to parasites, and enzymes that damp down inflammatory reaction.
Eosinophil
77
A protein, produced by living cells that promote the chemical processes of life without itself being altered.
Enzyme
78
Unique shape or marker carried on an antigen's surface, which triggers corresponding antibody response.
Epitope
79
Life threatening reaction in which transplanted immunocompetent cells attack the tissues of the receipt.
Graft-versus-host-disease
80
WBC filled with granules contains potent chemical that allow the cells to digest microorganism or to produce inflammatory reactions.
Granulocytes
81
Subset of T cells that carry the T4 marker and are essential for turning in antibody production, activating cytotoxic T cells and initiating many other immune responses.
Helper T cells
82
Formation and development of blood cells usually takes place in the bone marrow
Hematopoietic
83
Method of matching the self antigens on the tissues of a transplant donor with those of the recipient.
Histocompatibility testing
84
Virus that causes AIDS
HIV ( Human immunodeficiency virus)
85
Proteins marker of self used in Histocompatibility testing. Types also correlate with certain autoimmune disease.
Human Leukocyte antigens
86
Hybrid cell created by fusing a B lymphocyte with a long live neoplasticism plasma cell or a T lymphocytes with a lymphoma cell. A B cell Hybridoma secreted a single specific antibody
Hybridoma
87
Abnormally low levels of immunoglobulins
Hypogammaglobulinemia
88
Unique and characteristics parts of an antibody's variable region, which can themselves serves as antigens
Idiotypes
89
Cluster of interlocking antigens and antibodies
Immune complex
90
Reactions of the immune system to foreign substances.
Immune response
91
Test using antibodies to identify and quantify substances. Linked to a marker such as a fluorescent molecule, a radioactive molecule or an enzyme.
Immunoassay
92
Capable of developing an immune response.
Immunocompetent
93
Family of large protein molecules, AKA antibodies
Immunoglobulins
94
Reduction of the immune responses, for instance by giving drugs to prevent transplant rejection.
Immunosuppression
95
Monoclonal antibody linked to a natural toxin, a toxic drug or radio active substance.
Immunotoxin
96
Redness, warmth, swelling, pain and loss of function produced in response to infection as the result of increased flood flow and an influx of immune cells and secretions.
Inflammatory response
97
Major group of lymphokines and monokines
Interleukins
98
Dendritic cells in the skin that pick up antigen and transport it to lymph nodes
Langerhan Cells
99
All WBC
Leukocytes
100
A transparent, slightly yellow fluid that carries lymphocytes, bathed the body tissues and drains into the lymphatic vessels.
Lymph
101
Bodywide network of channels, similar to the blood vessels, which transport lymph to the immune organs and into the bloodstream
Lymphatic vessels
102
Small bean shaped organs of the immune system, distributed widely through the body and linked by lymphatic vessels. Are garrisons of B, T and other immune cells
Lymph nodes
103
Small WBC produced in the lymphoid organs and paramount in the immune defenses.
Lymphocytes
104
Organs of the immune system, where lymphocytes develop and congregate. Include bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and various othe tc liter of lymphoid tissue. The blood vessels and lymphatic vessels can also be considered.
Lymphoid organs
105
Powerful chemical substances secreted by lymphocytes.
Lymphokines
106
Large and versatile immune cell and acts as a microbe-devouring phagocyte, an antigen-presenting cell and important source of immune secretions.
Macrophage
107
Groups of genes that controls several aspects of the immune response. Genes code for self merkers on all body cells
Macrophage
108
Antibodies producing by a single cell or its identical progeny, specific for a given antigen. Tool for binding to specific protein molecules, monoclonal antibodies are invaluable in research, medicine and industry.
Monoclonal antibodies
109
Large phagocytoc WBC which, when it enter tissue develops into s macrophage.
Monocyte
110
Powerful chemical substances secreted by monocytes and macrophages.
Monokines
111
Large-granule filled lymphocytes that take on tumor cells and infected body cells, because they attack without first having to recognize specific antigens.
Natural killer (NK) cells
112
A WBC that is an abundant and important phagocyte.
Neutrophil
113
Large, naturally occurring molecules composed of chemical building blocks knows as nucleotides. Two kinds of nucleic acid RNA and DNA
Nucleic acids
114
A monoclonal antibody that targets mature T cells.
OKT3
115
To coat an organism with antibodies or a complement protein so as to nako to palatable to phagocytes
Ops obits
116
An individual living thing
Organism
117
Collection of lymphoid tissues in the intestinal tract
Peyer's patches
118
Large WBC that contribute to the immune defenses by ingesting microbes or other cells and foreign particles.
Phagocytes
119
Granule contains cellular fragments critical for blood clotting and sealing off wounds. Contribute to the immune responses
Platelets
120
Large antibody producing cells that develop from B cells
Plasma cells
121
Short for polymorphonuclear leukocyte or granulocytes
Polymorphs
122
Made up of amino acids. Major constituents of plant and animal cells.
Proteins
123
Group of one celled animals , few which causes human disease
Protozoa
124
Autoantibody found in the serum of most persons with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor
125
Nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm, direct the synthesis of proteins.
Ribonucleic acid RNA
126
Clear liquid that separated from the blood when it is allowed to clot.
Serum
127
Life threatening conditions in infants are born lacking all major immune defenses.
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
128
Lymphoid organ in the abdominal cavity. Important center for immune system cavities.
Spleen
129
Cells from which all blood cells derive. Where bone marrow is rich.
Stem cells
130
Vaccine that uses merely one component of an infectious agent, rather than the whole to stimulate an immune response.
Subunit vaccine
131
Class of antigens, including certain bacterial toxins, that unleash a massive and damaging immune response
Superantigens
132
Subset of T cells that turn off antibody production and other immune responses
Suppressor T cells
133
Small WBC that orchestrate and or directly participate in the immune defenses. Processed in the thymus and secrete lymphokines
T Cells or T Lymphocytes
134
Primary lymphoid organ, high in the chest, where T lymphocytes proliferate and mature.
Thymus
135
Extracts from the tumor tissue, treated in lab and reinfected into the cancer patient
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
136
State of non responsive to a particular antigen or group of antigens
Tolerance
137
Prominent oval masses of lymphoid tissues on either side of the throat.
Tonsils and adenoids
138
Agents produced by plants and bacteria, normally very damaging to mammalian cells that can be delivered directly to target cells by linking them to monoclonal antibodies or lymphokines.
Toxins
139
Contains antigenic components from an infectious organism. By stimulating an immune response, it protects against subsequent infection by that organism.
Vaccine
140
Part of an antibody's structure that differs from one antibody to another.
Variable region
