NON-COMMUNICABLE DSE Flashcards
(47 cards)
-no definite cause
-aka essential/ idiopathic HPN
-90% of all hypertension
-Attributed to atherosclerosis
Primary HPN
-result of some other primary DSE
-Secondary HPN
Risk factor for HPN
-Family history
-Age/advance age
-High Salt Intake
-obesity
-Excessive Alcohol Intake
Fat distribution is more important risk factor than actual weight as
measured by:
waist-to-hip ratio
↑ waist-to-hip ratio = HPN
have a much higher risk of disability and
death from a stroke than Whites
Black American
(the rapid, uncoordinated beating of the heart’s upper chambers) in particular,
raises the risk for stroke.
Atrial Fibrillation
Risk Factors of CAD
-Elevated blood lipids/cholesterol:↑ LDL & ↓HDL
- Smoking/ Tobacco Use
Risk factors of stroke
-Increasing age
-Sex
-Heredity (family history) and race: African americans/ black
-HPN
-Cigarette smoking
-DM
-Heart Disease
-High RBC count: thick blood= clots
-season & climate
-socioeconomic
-excessive alcohol intake
-Certain kinds of drug abuse: cocaine
cancers have multiple causes and risk factors.
-Heredity/Family History
-Carcinogens: agent causing CA
-Chemicals & Environmental Agents
-Benzopyrene: charcoal broiled/smoked;
burned food
-Nitrosamines: preservatives in tocino
-Radiation
-Viruses
Key Areas for Primary Prevention of Cancers
- Smoking Cessation
-Encourage Proper Nutrition
-Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation.
-Avoid/control obesity
-early diagnosis
e major cardiovascular complication of COPD:
cor pulmonale
COMMON RISK FACTORS OF LEADING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
-Smoking
-Nutrition/Diet
-Physical inactivity
-Obesity
-Alcohol
-Raised Blood Pressure
-Blood Glucose
-Blood lipids
Key areas for prevention:
-PROMOTE PROPER NUTRITION:
-ENCOURAGE MORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
-PROMOTE SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENT
-DISCOURAGE EXCESSIVE DRINKING OF ALCOHOL BEVERAGES
-EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROMPT TREATMENT
Guideline for adequate vegetable and fruit Intake
-2-3 servings of vegetables each day
-one serving is green or yellow leafy vegetables.
One serving means: Raw vegetables 1 cup Cooked vegetables 1/2 cup
Eat at least 2 servings of fruit per day,
1 serving is a vitamin C rich fruit.
one serving depends on your type.
Body fat can best be assessed using?
-Body Mass Index (BMI): Total body fat in relation to height & weight
-Waist circumference
BMI is calculated using the following formula:
BMI = Weight in Kgs I Height in meters
<18.5 =Underweight
18.5- 24.9= Normal
25-29.9= Overweight
30-34.9= Obese I
35-39.9 = Obese II
40> = Obese III
accurate measure of the amount
of visceral fat.
Waist Circumference (WC)
Procedure:
Subject should be unclothed at the waist
-standing with abdomen relaxed,
-arms at the sides,
-feet together.
-Use nonstretchable tape
measure and do not compress the skin.
Male: <90/94
Female: <80
Determine fat distribution:
WHR = Waist circumference (cm)/
Hip circumference (cm)
Men: <0.95
Female: <0.80
“presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests, examination or other procedures which can be applied rapidly.”
-not a diagnostic measure, but is a preliminary step in
the assessment of the healthy individuals’ chances of becoming unhealthy.
Screening
GOAL: to detect a disease in its early stages, to be able to treat it and prevent further development of the disease.
sustained SBP of 140 mmHg or more and sustained DBP of 90 mmHg or more
- at least two visits taken at least one week apart.
HPN
Warning Signs for Cancer
“CAUTION US”
C Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A A sore that does not heal.
U Unusual bleeding or discharge.
T Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere.
I Indigestion and difficulty in swallowing
O Obvious change in wart or mole.
N Nagging cough or hoarseness in voice
U Unexplained anemia
S Sudden weight loss.
Breast Cancer
Warning Signs
Skin changes
* Edema
* Dimpling or inflammation “peau de orange”
- orange peel like skin
* Ulceration
* Prominent venous pattern
Nipple abnormalities
* Retraction
* Rashes or discharge
Abnormal Contours
* Variation in size and shape of breasts
-most affordable screening procedure
-to increase awareness
and promote self-care.
Breast-Self Examination
when is the best time to do BSE
The best time to do BSE is one
week after menstrual period while taking a shower facing the mirror standing up or lying down.
