NON-ENTERIC GI PATHOGENS Flashcards by Sharmaine Madjid

Not a human microbiota, facultatively anaerobic and monotrichous organisms.

Found in brackish water, marine water, or salt water

Vibrio (Comma-shaped or Curved bacillus)

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Vibrio (Comma-shaped or Curved bacillus) can be isolated from

algae, plankton, fish, and shellfish

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vibrio are Halophilic organisms except for

V. cholera and V. mimicus

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vibrio mode of acquisition

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood

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vibrio diseases and infections

Cholera, wound infection, septicaemia, and necrotizing faciitis

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vibrio common isolates

V. cholerae O1 and non-O1, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus

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vibrio microscopy

Gram-negative, short, curved, asporogenous rods.

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Gram-negative, short, curved bacilli (comma-shaped bacilli)
Facultative anaerobe
With monotrichous flagella

Vibrio

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vibrio is catalase, oxidase and string test (_)

positive

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vibrio grows on alkaline media such as

TCBS - Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar

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vibrio are ___ fermenters

Glucose

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Causative agent of cholera

Vibrio cholerae

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Vibrio cholerae on TCBS

yellow colonies (sucrose fermenters)

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Vibrio cholerae are non-halophilic (T or F)

True

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common cause of cholera

Vibrio cholerae 01

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an acute diarrheal infection that is mainly spread through contaminated water sources.

cholera

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Vibrio cholerae virulence factor

choleragen

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hallmark of cholera

Rice-watery stool (10-30 times of defecation per day)

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protein toxin produced mainly by V. cholerae O1 strain

choleragen

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responsible for the pandemic spread in v. cholerae

Somatic O1 & O139

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3 major subgroups of V. cholerae (H & O antigen)

V. cholerae O1
V. cholerae O139
V. cholerae non O1/non O139

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V. cholerae O1 serotypes:

Hikojima
Ogawa
Inaba

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V. cholerae O1(pandemic type) Biotypes :

Classical
El Tor

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in Polymyxin Susceptibility, classical is ___ and el tor is ____

classical = susceptible and el tor = resistant

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in Lysis of bacteriphage, classical is ___ and el tor is ___

classical = negative and el tor = positive

in Chicken RBC agglutination classical is. ___ and el tor is ____

classical = negative and el tor = positive

in Hemolysis of sheep RBC, classical is ____ and el tor is ____

classical = negative and el tor = positive

in Vogues Proskauer, classical is ____ and el tor is ____

classical = negative and el tor = positive

Second most common Vibrio species that is associated with gastroenteritis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the etiologic agent of the outbreak of ____ in Japan in 1950

"summer diarrhea”

Vibrio parahaemolyticus selective medium

Wagatsuma agar ( high salt mannitol medium)

“Kanagawa phenomenon”

B-hemolysis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in TCBS

green colonies (non-sucrose fermenters)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus are halophilic (T or F)

TRue

Known as the “ lactose-positive” Vibrio species Second to V. cholerae as the cause of a severe Vibrio-associated infections.

Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus infections

Septicemia and wound infection

Vibrio vulnificus in TCBS

green colonies (non-sucrose fermenter)

Vibrio vulnificus is halophilic (T or F)

True

Vibrio species that is commonly isolated and is considered as the least pathogenic to humans

Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is a Strict halophile that requires a medium with ______

1% to 10% NaCl.

Vibrio alginolyticus infection

Eye, ear and wound infections.

Vibrio lab diagnosis

1. Gram stain 2. Culture 3. String test 4. Vibriostatic test 5. Biochemical test

Vibrio in culture, the media is

Alkaline peptone water, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts sucrose agar, MAC and BAP

in vibrio, the transport medium is

cary-balir medium

Enrichment media for V.cholerae:

Alkaline peptone water (pH 8.5)

Species are found in fresh, estuarine, and chlorinated water Not part of human microbiota and glucose fermenters Motile withsingle polar flagellum and facultatively anaerobic May cause traveller’s diarrhea similar to ETEC Causative agent of “red leg” disease in amphibians

Aeromonas

Aeromonas human infections

Septicemia, meningitis, keratitis, and wound infection

Aeromonas biochemical test

(+) oxidase and catalase

Most recognized cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome

Campylobacter

Campylobacter is motile by ____ and secretes

Motile by a single polar flagellum and secretes oxidase

Also an animal pathogen that causes sterility and abortion

campylobacter

campylobacter species

C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. fetus, C. sputorum and C. fetus

enteric campylobacter

C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari

campylobacter mode of acquisition

Ingestion of poultry and dairy products and sexual transmission

Slow-growing, fastidious and asaccharolytic organism Has darting motility and is unable to grow with high salt concentration. Most common cause bacterial gastroenteritis Causes septic arthritis among AIDS patients

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni optimum temp for growth

42 deg. cent

Causes bacteremia and is rarely associated with gastrointestinal illness

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

campylobacter specimen

Feces, rectal swab and blood

campylobacter microscopy, the recommended counterstain is

carbolfuchsin

campylobacter in hanging drop preparation

exhibits a darting motility

campylobacter culture selective media

Campy-BAP, Butzler agar, Skirrow’s medium and charcoal cefoperazone desoxycholate agar (CCDA)

campylobacter culture transport medium

Cary-Blair medium

Found in GIT of mammals and birds

Helicobacter

Helicobacter is motile by ____ or ___ flagella

monopolar or multi-bipolar flagella

Helicobacter microscopy

Gram-negative, helical (S- shaped) rods that resemble campylobacter

Helicobacter routes of transmission

Oral-oral route and fecal-oral route

Helicobacter species

H.pylori, H. cinaedi, H. fenneliae and H. rappini

Major cause of type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma

Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is found in the

Found in the mucous layer of the antrum and fundus of the stomach but does not penetrate the gastric epithelium

Helicobacter pylori binds with

Binds with the Lewis antigen and the monosaccharide sialic acid.

Helicobacter pylori primary habitat

Human gastric mucosa

Helicobacter pylori route of transmission

Oral-oral route and fecal-oral route

These species have been isolated from the blood of patients with bacteremia and recovered from blood of homosexual males with or without HIV

Helicobacter cinaedi & Helicobacter fenneliae

Helicobacter lab diagnosis; specimen

Gastric biopsy tissue, urine, feces and dental plaque

____ is the best specimen for the culture of H. pylori

Gastric tissue

in helicobacter lab diagnosis, Tissue should be maintained at _____ and processed within ____ of collection

4 deg.cent ; 2 hours

_____ specimen is utilized for ammonia testing

Urine

helicobacter gram stain; _____ counterstain enhances morphology

0.1% basic fuchsin

Stains for biopsy specimen (helicobacter)

Warthin- Starry stain or Giemsa

helicobacter culture media

BAP, MTM, Skirrow’s agar, and brucella agar with 5% sheep’s blood

helicobacter transport media

Stuart medium, cysteine brucella broth with 205 glycerol and isotonic saline with 4% glucose

Helicobacters may require more than _____ days of incubation in a _____ environment.

five ; capnophilic

sensitive method of detecting H. pylori

Nucleic amplification ( Polymerase chain reaction)

susceptibility test in helicobacter

Agar dilution using MHA with 5% sheep’s blood incubated at microaerophilic condition and read after 3 days.

Helicobacter specie that is susceptible to metronidazole

H. Pylori