Non-Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria (part 2)

Question 1

Respiratory system disease causing agents

Answer 1

Genis Avibacterium, Bibersteinia, Mannheimia and Paterurella

Question 2

Commone characteristics of the respiratory disease causing agents

Answer 2

Gram-neg, coccobacilli
Oxidase positive
Bipolarity
Most mucosal commensal of oropharynx and GI tract of healthy animals (OPPORTUNISTIC)
Survives poorly outside the host

Question 3

Respiratory agents are _______ and require _______ or serum to grow

Answer 3

1. fastidious
2. Blood

Question 4

Adhesins

Answer 4

Expressed while the organism inhabits the epithelial surfaces
Repress when its inside the host cell to avoid adherence to phagocytic cells

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

Interferes phagocytosis
Protects the outer membrane from deposition of membrane attack complex of the complement

Question 6

Endotoxin

Answer 6

Lipolysaccharide is pyrogenic

Question 7

Toxins found in respiratory disease causing agents

Answer 7

RTX toxin: leukotoxin specifically affects bovine leukocytes
RHO-activating toxin

Question 8

What is RHO toxin produced by?

Answer 8

Pastuerella multocida capsule type D agent of atrophic rhinitis of swine

Question 9

Iron-Acquisition

Answer 9

Avian strains of P. multocida produce siderophores
Pasterurella and Mannheimia bind to transferrin-binding proteins of host in iron-poor conditions

Question 10

Transmission of respiratory disease causing agents

Answer 10

Inhalation, ingestion or bites/scratches
Carried on mucus membrane of susceptible hosts species

Question 11

Respiratory tract disease

Answer 11

Atrophic rhinitis in swine. infectious coryza in chicken, pneumonia in ruminants due to P. multocida, A. paragallinarum, M. haemolytica or Bibersteinia trehalosi

Question 12

Bacteremia and Septicemic

Answer 12

P. multocida in rumanants and avian
Bibersteinia trehalosi with P. multocida causes septicemia in sheep

Question 13

Trauma-related

Answer 13

Feline and canine bites wounds and infection causes “mouth” paterurella

Question 14

Genus Avibacterium

Answer 14

Swelling of the infraorbital regions, occulo-nasal discharge, swollen wattles, diarrhea, appetence
Birds develop 3 signs after exposure

Question 15

Avibacterium paragallinarum: the agent of ________

Answer 15

Infectious Coryza

Question 16

Diagnosis of Avibacterium

Answer 16

Clinical sign: facial swelling
Isolating bacterium and serologic testing

Question 17

Prevention of Avibacterium

Answer 17

Free replacement birds:ALL IN/ ALL OUT flow of birds

Question 18

Genus Mannheimia

Answer 18

Pneumonia, septicemia and mastitis in sheep and cattle
Agent of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis/shipping fever

Question 19

What is the most important pathogen of domestic cattle?

Answer 19

M. Haemolytica (agent of Shipping Fever)

Question 20

Shipping Fever

Answer 20

~30% of total cattle death globally with annual US loss of $640 mill
High mortality die to bronchial obstruction

Question 21

Signs of Shipping fever

Answer 21

Show depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, soft moist cough, 6-10 days after stress episode
Lung consolidation, dyspnea and open mouth breathing

Question 22

M. Haemolytica

Answer 22

Innocuous inhabitant of the nasal cavity and tonsillar crypts
From overcrowding, exhaustion, starvation, dehydration or cold temp

Question 23

M. Haemolytica source of infection

Answer 23

Organism shedding from the nasal cavity
Inhalation of bacteria containing droplets
Direct nose to nose contact
Ingestion of feed contaminated with nasal discharge

Question 24

Virulence factors of M. Haemolytica

Answer 24

Leukotoxin: induces lysis of ruminant leukocytes and platelets
Lipopolysacccharide (LPS): induce hemorrahe, edema and hypoxemia

Question 25

Diagnosis of M. Haemolytica

Answer 25

Isolation of bacteria, smooth colonies, grayish and produce B-hemolysis

Question 26

Prevention/ control of H. Haemolytica

Answer 26

Avoid stress, preconditioning calves before shipping (vx)
Isolation of clinically ill animals
Leukotoxoid vaccine

Question 27

Genus paterurella

Answer 27

Pasteurella multocida
Broad host preference
Contains 5 capsular serogroups (A, B, D, E, F)

Question 28

What disease does P. multocida cause in birds?

Answer 28

Fowl Cholera (Pasteur experiment)

Question 29

Clinical signs of P. Multocida in birds

Answer 29

Torticollis- twisting of head and neck (meningeal infection)
Large abscess on right wattle (chronic form)

Question 30

P. Multocida in cattle and bison

Answer 30

Hemorrhagic septicemia, pneumonia
Eradicated in the US (major economic loss)

Question 31

P. Multocida in swine

Answer 31

Progressive atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia
Facial deformation due to deviation of nasal bones
From overcrowding, ammonia and dust

Question 32

P. Multocida in rabbits

Answer 32

Pneumonia
Snuffles or nasal catarrh (mucous buildup)
Wry neck (severe tilting), circling to one side

Question 33

P. Multocida in dogs and cats

Answer 33

Oral flora abscesses, bite wound infections

Question 34

P. Multocida in humans

Answer 34

Bite wound infection and zoonotic

Question 35

Type A disease of P. Multocida

Answer 35

Fowl cholera, rabbit snuffles, bovine/ovine pneumonia
Sever fibrinous broncho pleuropneumonia is opportunistic pathogen of low relative virulence

Question 36

Type B or E of P. Multocida

Answer 36

Hemorrhagic septicemia
Last 1965 –> stress, changes in weather, poor nutrition and overcrowding

Question 37

Type D disease of P. Multocida

Answer 37

Atrophic rhinitis (pig), fowl cholera (poultry)

Question 38

Type F disease of P. Multocida

Answer 38

Fowl cholera (poultry)
Fibrino-purulent pleuropneumonia or diffuse hemorrhagic septicemia (rabbits)

Question 39

Diagnosis of P. Multocida

Answer 39

Isolation of causative organism
Blood agar, chocolate agar for v factor dependent

Question 40

Prevention and control of P. Multocida

Answer 40

Vx with killed bacterin
Good management
ID and kill asymptomatic carrier birds to control fowl cholera