Non-Imaging Venous Testing

Question 1

CW Doppler uses ___ or ___ spectral analysis

Answer 1

analog or digital

Question 2

most CW Doppler use ____ processing

Answer 2

digital FFT processing

Question 3

CW Doppler in venous testing is used to evaluate (2)

Answer 3

DVT and venous incompetence

Question 4

limitation of CW Doppler venous testing

Answer 4

unable to differentiate the cause of abnormal flow (DVT vs extrinsic compression)

Question 5

3 sources of false negative venous testing

Answer 5

1. normal flow with collateralized venous thrombosis
2. paired deep veins may limit the diagnosis of isolated thrombus
3. poor technique

Question 6

5 sources of false positive venous testing

Answer 6

1. extrinsic compression
2. severe peripheral arterial disease
3. COPD
4. poor technique
5. ambient temperature

Question 7

venous CW Doppler examination is typically based on ___

Answer 7

audible signals

Question 8

normal venous CW Doppler waveform

Answer 8

spontaneous
respiratory phasicity
augmentation

Question 9

abnormal venous CW Doppler

Answer 9

continuous flow
little to no respiratory variation
little to no augmentation

Question 10

___ flow in the proximal veins (axillary and subclavian)

___ flow in the distal veins (brachial, radial, ulnar)

Answer 10

pulsatile - proximal
phasic - distal

Question 11

flow may not be ___ in distal upper arm

Answer 11

spontaneous

Question 12

venous plethysmography evaluates (2)

Answer 12

venous outflow
degrees of venous incompetence

Question 13

2 limitations of venous plethymography

Answer 13

cast, heavy bandaging
inability of the patient to cooperate - maintain position and perform requires exercises

Question 14

venous filling index (VFI) =

normal VFI -

Answer 14

venous volume / venous filling time
( VV / VFT )

normal - low

Question 15

ejection fraction (EF) =

normal -

Answer 15

calf muscle pump function

EF = SV / EDV

stroke volume
end diastolic volume

normal - high >60%

Question 16

residual volume fraction (RVF) =

Answer 16

% of blood left following activation of calf pump

after 10 toe raises
normal - low %

Question 17

alternating current (AC)

1. ___ studies
2. current flows in ___ direction
3. electric voltage is ___
4. wall current is ___
5. detects ___ changes in blood

Answer 17

1. arterial studies
2. current flows in both directions
3. electric voltage is positive to negative
4. wall current is 120 voltz
5. detects fast changes in blood

Question 18

direct current (DC)

1. ___ studies
2. current flows in ___ direction
3. electric voltage is ____
4. ___ uses DC current
5. detects ___ changes in blood

Answer 18

1. venous studies
2. current flows in on direction
3. electrical voltage is positive or negative
4. batteries use DC current
5. detects slower changes in blood

Question 19

venous PPG evaluates (3)

Answer 19

degree of venous incompetence
venous outflow
assessment of total limb flow

Question 20

3 limitations of venous PPG

Answer 20

acute DVT
poor quality signals - obesity, scar tissue
skin degradation, lipodermatosclerosis

Question 21

venous PPG

maintain ___ gain throughout the exam

Answer 21

similar gain

Question 22

venous PPG

1. sitting with legs ___
2. sensor applied to the lower leg ___cm above the medial malleolus
3. patient performs a series of ___
4. continue until return to ___

Answer 22

1. sitting with legs dangling
2. sensor applied to the lower leg 10cm above the medial malleolus
3. patient performs a series of foot dorsiflexion
4. continue until return to baseline

Question 23

venous refill/recovery time (VRT)

normal -
abnormal -

Answer 23

normal > 20 seconds
abnormal < 20 seconds

Question 24

tourniquet with plethysmography

abnormal ___ or ___ suggests valve incompetence

Answer 24

venous filling index (VFI)
venous refill/recovery time (VRT)

Question 25

tourniquet with plethysmography superficial system incompetence

Answer 25

abnormal VRT ≤ 20 seconds without tourniquet normalizes > 20 seconds with tourniquet

Question 26

tourniquet with plethysmography deep system incompetence

Answer 26

abnormal VRT ≤ 20 seconds with and without tourniquet

Question 27

pump and valves function properly veins refill ___ through the capillary beds

Answer 27

slowly

Question 28

poor pump and/or valve function veins refill ___

Answer 28

refill quickly in a retrograde manner

Question 29

normal venous refill VRT VFI

Answer 29

VRT > 20 seconds VFI - low

Question 30

abnormal venous refill VRT VFI

Answer 30

VRT < 20 seconds VFI - high