Non-Prescription Treatment Options Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
Why Non-Prescription Options?
A
- Vets and owners are actively seeking prescription-free solutions to help minimize inappropriate behavior, phobia, fear, and anxiety seen in out pets
- Fear Free movement is creating an increased demand for prescription-free supplements
- Supplements can aid in training and behavior modification therapy by facilitating a calm and receptive attitude
2
Q
Non-Prescription Options
A
- Neutraceuticals
- Therapeutic Diets
- external Devices/Garments
- Pheromones
- Essential oils/Aromatherapy
- Music
- Desensitization via recordings
- Massage, Acupressure and Acupuncture
- Environmental manipulation and enrichment
3
Q
Neutraceuticals
A
- Natral, bioactive chemical compounds that have health-promoting, diesease preventing or general medicinl properties
- Vitamins
- Amino Acids
- Minerals
- Herbal or other botanical supplements
- Certain animal products
- Includes Functional foods
- foods that tout a specific health benefit based on their ingredients
4
Q
Neutraceuticals in the US
A
- The term “nutraceutical” products are regulated as:
- Drugs
- Food ingredients
- Dietary supplements
- Not defined the same in different countries
- usually defined as a product isolated from foods that is sold in medicinal forms, but not associted with food
5
Q
Neutraceutical Regulation
A
- No patent protection
- Can be used to cure or prevent disease
- ONLY pharmaceutical compounds have government sanction
- FDA regulates
- Nutraceutical are under a different set of regulations compared to food or drug products
- Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) 1994:
- It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to ensure safety of nutraceutical before its marketed
-
Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) regulation Goals:
- Safety and labeling
- less emphasis on product clsims and intended use
6
Q
FDA
A
- Authorized to take action against any unsafe product after it reaches market
7
Q
Manufacturers Responsibility
A
- Have to make sure that the information on the product label is truthful and not misleading
- NOT obligated to register their poductswith the FDA NOR get FDA approval before producing or selling nutraceuticals
8
Q
Quotes From Fear Free
A
- In the mind of the consumer they are different because they are ‘natura’ and that is something that a lot of people are looking for
- “Natural” doesn’t necessarily equal “safe”, the naural world is chock-full of poisonous substances. In some cases, clients may simply need some reassurance about the drug options
- When they think of a supplement, they don’t think it’s goint to affect their animals as strongly as they perceive a behavioral drug does
- What I tell my clients and veterinarians is, we try to use supplements from companies we trust - as much as you can trust a company….We try to use supplements made by pharmaceutical companies. Its not that I love pharmaceutical compnies, but I can hold someone responsible
- Whatever your source, read the research and evaluate the evidence yourself. Given the lack of regulation, you first need to know if a product has been properly tested for safety in dogs and cats..
9
Q
Evaluating Nutraceuticals
according to Fear Free
A
-
Species used in the study
- was the research on dogs/cats or rats/mice
-
Condition studied
- If a study was narrowly focused on some aspect, for example separation anxiety, it may not work on other types of anxiety
-
What was evaluated
- Acutal behavior or physical measurements such as stress hormones
- both types have Pros and Cons
- Acutal behavior or physical measurements such as stress hormones
10
Q
Nutraceuticals for Behavior Modification
A
- Rescue Remedy
- Harmonease
- Anxiety TFLN
- Anxitane
- Solliquin
- Composure and Composure Pro
- Hemp/CBD products
- Melatonin
11
Q
Rescue Remedy Pets
A
- A blend of 5of the 38 Bach Original Flower Remedies
- Add 4 drops of rescue remedy to your pet’s food, water bowl, or on a treat. Repeat as needed. Can also be rubbed on the ears, nose, or paw
- Dosage of Rescue Remedy Pet dose not depend on weight or type of animal. It depends on the situation of stress. It is not a sedative, so find the dosage that works best for you and your pet
12
Q
Harmonease (VPL)
A
- Harmonease is a natrual proprietary blend of a patented extract of Magnolia officinalis and a proprietary extract of Phellodendron amurense
-
Phellodendron amurense demonstrated significant anti-stress effects in rodent tests
- UNSAFE for pregnanc in people
- Magnolia officinalis contians a mixture of honokiol and magnolol both of which have been identified as modulators of the GABAA receptors for activity to decrease stress
- Dogs:
- Up to 50 lbs: 1/2 tablet 1x day
- Over 50 lbs: 1 tablet 1x day
13
Q
Anxxiety TFLN
Thunder, Fireworks, and Loud Noises
A
- Ingredients:
- Borate of Sodium - Washing soda
- Rhododendron chrysanthum
- Phosphorus
- German Chamomile
- Theridion curassavicum (Orange spider)
- In acute cases, can give every 15 minutes, up to 4 doses
- In chronic/long-term problems: 1 dose 3x daily
- ofen started 5-7 days before anxiety causing situation
- Once response seen reduce to 2x daily
-
If remedy is working well and dosing is not reduced, and aggravation of symptoms from overuse may occur
- Stopping for 3 days will reverse symptoms, then treatment can befin again as if using for the first time, weaning down as mentioned abobe
14
Q
Anxitane
A
- Contains pre L-Theanine, aka Suntheanine, an amino acid that acts neurologically to help keep dogs and cats calm, relaxed, and well-behaved
- Fo optimal results, prescribe for at least 30 days for pets experiencing behavior changes in response to stress
- Flavored chewable tablets are palatable fro dogsand cats and allow for easy administration and better compliance
- All-natural nutritional supplement that is not-habit-forming
- WARNING: Not intended for use in animals with severe phobias, separation anxiety or in animals with a known history of agression
15
Q
Zylkene
A
- Bovine-sourced hydrolyzed milk protein
- has calming properties
- lactose-free
- Helps balance reaction sin some situations
- Travel, moving, adoption, grooming, meeting new people, loud noises, etc
- Helps animals maintain normal and relaxed dispositions
- May also open pets’ receptivity to behavior modification training
- Capsules can be administered orally, or opened and added to a meal
- Can be used daily or as needed
- Shor-term: use 1-2 days before event/change
16
Q
Composure
A
- A calming supplement to support relaxation in situations that cause nervousness, anxiety, or stress
- Active Ingredients per Chew:
-
Thiamine (Vit B1): 134mg
- affects CNS to help calm
-
Colostrum Calming Complex Biopeptide Blend 22mg
- supports stress reduction and cognitive function
-
L-Theanine 21mg
- helps body produce other AA to being neurotransmitters back to balance
-
Thiamine (Vit B1): 134mg
- Ingredients work synergistically to support relaxation without chaning your dog’s personality or energy levels
17
Q
Composure Dosing
A
- Dose:
- Up to 50 lbs: 1 chew daily
- 51-100 lbs: 2 chews daily
- over 100 lbs: 3 chews daily
- Can be given daily or on an as needed basis
- Safe to double or triple the dose in times of increased stress
- CAUTION: Safety in pregnant animals or animals intended for breeding has NOT been proven
18
Q
Composure Pro
A
- Per chew
- Thiamine (Vit B1) 100 mg (134mg in original)
- L-Tryptophan 75 mg (0 mg in original)
- Col. Calm. Complex Biopeptide Blend 25 mg (22 mg in original)
- L-Theanine 25 mg (21 in original)
19
Q
L-Tryptophan
A
- An essential AA that helps the body make proteins and certain brain-signaling chemicals
-
The body changes L-tryptophan into serotonin
- serotonin helps control mood and sleep
- Has potential to cause serotonin syndrome when given with other serotonin level altering drugs
20
Q
Solliquin
Nutramax
A
-
L-theanine:
- An AA found naturally in green tea.
- Directly stimulates the production of alpha brain waves, creating a state of deep relaxation, wakefulness, and mental awareness
-
Magnolia/Phellodendron:
- Combination appears to be synergistic
- Controls stress and anxiety more effectvely than either compound alone
-
Whey Protein Concentrate:
- Contains NMXSLQ05, a trademarked high quality protein source which supplements 10 AAs including precursors of glutathione and serotonin
21
Q
Hemp Products (CBD oil)
A
- TNTC
- No Regulation on strength and potency
- CBD (Cannabidiol) does not contain THC
- Still illegal to use in some states
- May 24, 2018 it is not unlawful under state law to possess or sell products or substances containing any amount of Cannabidiol
- Some state only allow CBD that comes from industrial hemp
- Usually not just hemp in calming products
22
Q
Melatonin
A
- A hormone supplement
- can be given alone or in combinaitno
- Used to treat:
- Sleep disorders
- Behavioral disorders
- Adjunct therapy as pre-visit medication for aggressive dogs
- Side effects are uncommon:
-
Changes in fertility
- Can decreasecortisol and estradiol levels
- Sleepiness
- Weight gain
-
Changes in fertility
23
Q
Neutraceutical Herbs
A
- Chamomile
- Passion Flower
- Catnip
- Vaerian root
- Skullcap
24
Q
Chamomile
A
- Matricaria chamomilla L
- Sedative effects
-
Mild blood thinner
- contains coumarin
- Rarly can trigger allergies
- ragweed, daisies, marigolds, or crysanthemums
- Drug Interactions (people)
- Sedatives, blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs, aspirin, NSAID painkillers (ibuprofen & naproxen), and other drugs
- Could interact with supplements like ginkgo biloba, garlic, saw palmetto, St. John’s wort, and valerian root
25
**Passion Flower**
* *Passiflora incarnata L.*
* Climbing vine native to the SE US
* **Calming, sleep-inducing**, muscle spasm-relieving effects
* Drug interactions:
* **taking with other sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness**
26
**Catnip**
* *Nepeta cataria*
* ****Napetalactone is the active ingredient
* **initial excitement phase and then calm**
* Give about **15 minutes prior** to stressful events
* Some cats become **MORE AGGRESSIVE**
* Not all cats respond:
* Response is heredita
* only 2/3 cats respond
* Kittens \<12 weeks typically don't respond
* Can have calming effects on dogs
27
**Valerian Root**
**(Cats and Dogs)**
* *Valeriana officinalis*
* ******Flowering plant native to Europe and Asia
* **Mild sedative and anti-anxiety effects**
* Beleived to work via the receptors of the GABBA
* Block nerve stransmissions between neurons that stimulate activity
* Sudden discontinuation can cause withdrawal sypmtoms
* Drug Interactions
* **Anesthetics**
* **Shouldn't be given 2 week prior to procedure**
* Sedative or anit-epileptic drugs
* may make them more potent
* Antifungal drugs
* May have greater side effects when used with valerian
28
**Valerian Roots**
**(Cats only)**
* The actinidine in valerian root acts as a **stimulant to some cats**
* Some cats that aren't affected by catnip might show a reaction to valerian root
* Some don't seem to react to valerian as well
* It may be possible for a cat exposed to be **more aggressive** than usual
* **After initial play period, many cats will be calm and sleep**
29
Skullcap
* Member of the mint family
* *Scutellaria laterifolla*
* Calming herb that doesn't cause drowsiness
* Is especially effective for genera excitability, restlessness, nervous twitching and nervous tension in dogs and cats
* Used by some for epilepsy
* **Don't confuse with autum skullcap (*Galerina autumnalis)***
* **Highly poisonous mushroom
30
**Hill's Feline Stress Diets**
* **Hydrolyzed casein** (milk protein hydrolysate)
* a bioactive peptide, helps relieve anxiety
* **L-tryptophan**
* Precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects mood and decreases anxiety
* Omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, help reduce and control inflammation
* Antioxidants Vitamin E and beta-carotene help counteract oxidative stress and free radicals
31
Hill's Prescription Diet i/d Stress Canine
* **Hydrolyzed casien** (milk protein hydrolysate)
* a bioactive peptide, helps relieve anxiety in dogs
32
Royal Canin Canine Calm
* **a-casozepine**
* a-S1 casein hydrolysate of milk origin
* **L-tryptophan**
* ****Serotonin precursor which has an essential role in regulation of stress, sleep, and appetite
* For small dogs \<15kg
33
Purina Pro Plan Vterinary Supplements Calming Care
* **A probiotic**
* 6 weeks to see results
* strain BL999 to help dogs maintain calm behavior
* reduce excessive vocalization, umping, pacing, and spinning
34
Hill's Prescription Diet b/d Canine
* High levels of **Omega-3** **fatty acids**
* helps protect brain cells against free radical damage
35
**Purina NC (NeuroCare) Canine Formula**
* Enhanced with a unique blend of nutrients and **medium chain triglyceride oil**
* **Omega-3 fatty acids** help support brain health
36
**Anxiety Wraps**
* Applies gentle, constant **pressure,** similar to swaddling an infant
* Over 80% success rate as reported by throusands of families, vets, and trainers
* Independently studied by Dr. Temple Grandin and other scientists
37
**Storm Defender Cape**
* Reseaarch shows that dogs **sense the static charge buildup** before a thunderstorm
* This same charge, if big enough, produces lightning
* Dogs naturally **try to escape the static charge** by moving towards items that are electrically grounded
* Many thunderstorm-phobic dogs seek shelter in the basement, around the toilet, shower, tub or near pipes
* Also may try to hide underneath something
* Favorite spots are often the bathtub (if made of porcelain coated cast iron) or the car
* Cape:
* has a special **metalic lining** that discharges a dog's fur and shields him from the static charge buildup reducing sensitivity
* Dog gets relief, and begins to learn that the secondary triggers (rain, wind, thunder, smells) are no longer to be feared
38
**Calming Cap**
* Reduces visual stimulation
* sleep mask for dogs
39
**Mutt Muffs**
* Reduces loud noises
* Pilot hearing protection inspired ear muffs
40
**Doggles**
* Tinted goggles to help decrease stimulation from flashes of lightning
* also for blind dogs to protect eyes
41
**DOG Appeasing Pheromone**
**DAP, Adaptil**
* **Females** secrete pheomones that **comfort and reassure nursing puppies**
* These "**appeasement**" pheromones hve the same calming efect on adult dogs
* DAP **mimic these appeasement pheromones** to reduce or eliminate stress in dogs of all ages
* Plug-ins, sprays, collars
42
**Feliway and Feliway Classic**
* Happy Messages
* When comfortable and happy, cats mark their territory as familiar by rubbing their face against corners, furniture, people, or other cats
* Odorless message known as Feline **Facial pheromone**
* When present inthe environment these "happy messages" provide **comfort and security**
* **On-the-go:**
* Spray at least 1x daily on areas where **Cat is peeing or scratching**
* Not on scratching post!
* Best to wait 10 minutes before putting cat into a carrier or covering with a sprayed towel as the alcohol in the spray is irritating
* Spays, diffusers, wipes, collars
43
**Feliway MultiCat**
* Different from Feliway Classic
* **Synthetic copy** of pheomones produced by mother cat **during lactation**
* reassures kittens and helps them bond
* Within one week, users noticed a **reduction in conflict behaviors,** even in households where conflict had been occuring for several years
* After one month of continuous use, 84% of pet owners reported signgicant improvement in their cats' ability to get along
* **Best for use in multi-cat households with intercat aggression issues**
44
**When to use Feliway Classic and Feliway MultiCat together?**
* If the conflict between cats is associated _with urine spraying or scratching,_ **Both products are recommened**
* **2 diffusers should be plugged in where cats spend the most time**
* can be in the same room
45
**Feliscratch by Feliway**
* Clinically proven **to spot and prevent** both vertical and horizontal destructive **scratching**
* More than 80% of cats use their scratching posts within the first week
* More than 90% never started destructive scratching when adopted into a new home using Feliscratch
* **Redirects the cat to scratch the scratching post** - not couches or curtains
* NOT a deterrant - apply to scratching post to attract!
46
Essential Oils
* **NEVER** put directly on pets
* **Undiluted oils can be very toxic, especially to cats**
* Apply to a towel, cloth, or bandana
* **Keep cats out of theroom where aerosolixing diffusers are used**
* Lavender Oil:
* Calming effects
* ThunderCloud:
* lavender, chamomile, egyptian gernium oil
47
**Citronella**
* Commonly used in bark collars as a deterrent
48
**Auditory Enrichment via Music**
* Causes **positive behvioral and physiological** changes in kenneled dogs
* Different Genres (**Soft Rock/Reggae)**
* increased Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
* More relaxed behaviors
* **Increasing variety, minimizes extent of habituation** to auditory enrichment
49
**Loud Noise Desensitization**
* **Often combined with counter-conditioning**
* Start with **lowest volume that doesn't invoke anxiety**
* Many treats / praise / pet when staying calm
* Gradually increase volume
* Could be same day or wekk
* Be patient, **do not increase too rapidly**
* Revert back to lower volume immediately if signs of stress are seen
* **Going too fast can create set-backs**
50
**Massage**
* Natural pressure points for **Dogs** to decrease stress include **Feet, ears, and top of the head**
* As little as 15 minutes of massage can help decrease stress levels
51
**Acupressure points in Cats**
* Heart 7 & Pericardium 7
* Just above the cats "wrist" toward the back of the paw
* place thumb on the medial side, and index on lateral side, hold gently for ~30 seconds or until cat says enough
* Bai Hui Point:
* Between the 2 hip sockets where you can't feel vertical bones, Scratch gently as long as the cat enjoys it
* Underside of the jaw bone down the neck
* not an actual pressure point, but very relaxing and calming
52
**Acupunture**
* Licensed veterinary acupuncturists can treat pet stress
* **stimulates the release of the body's pain-relieving substances** without any potentially adverse side effects
53
**Environmental Manipulation**
* Close blinds/use heavy drapes
* Play TV or stereo loudly
* White noise or calming music
* Allow to hide under desk, in closet, etc
* Keep in basement ot decrease visual stimulation and sounds
* Scat mats and other motion detectors
* Sticky Pays Pheromones
* Essential oils
54
**Environmental Enrichment**
* Exercise
* Toys
* Laser Pointers
* Scratching posts
* Food puzzles
* Stuffable Kongs
* Create Vertical Space
* cat trees
* Wall shelves
* Doggy Day Care
* Hammocks
* Window perches
* Tunnels
* Boxes
* Dog Parks
* Catios
* Paper Bags
* Electronic toys
55
**Conclusions**
* Many of these nonprescription products can help _minimize_ inappropriate behavior, phobia, fear, and anxiety seen in our pets
* Knowing benefits as well as possible harmful effects are both equally important
* Have a good working knowledge base of common active ingredients and products can greatly aid in the management of your patients
