Non-taeniid cestodes

Question 1

Non taeniid Pseudophyllidea

Answer 1

Diphyllobothrium latum

Spirometra erinacei

Question 2

Lifecycle stages of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 2

Egg -> Coracidium -> Procercoid (in copepod) -> Plerocercoid (in freshwater fish) -> adult (human, dogs, cats, bears [fish eaters])

Question 3

Other Diphyllobothrium features

• PPP
• Length

Answer 3

Not in Australia

AKA broad fish tapeworm

PPP = 5-6 weeks

Length = 5-15 meters

Question 4

Pathological effects of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 4

• nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea
• vit B12 deficiency -> anaemia

Question 5

Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 5

Niclosamide

Praziquantel

Question 6

Lifecycle stages of Spirometra erinacei

Answer 6

Egg -> Coracidium -> Procercoid (copepod; Cyclops spp) -> Plerocercoid (tadpole, frog) -> Adult (cat, fox, dogs)

Question 7

Paratenic hosts of Spirometra erinacei

Effects on paratenic host

Answer 7

F - fish

A- amphibians

R - reptiles

M - mammals (zoonotic)

Infected by procercoid and plerocercoid stages

Causes sparganosis -> pain, inflammation +/- blindness

Question 8

Sparganosis features

Answer 8

Plerocercoids cause disease in humans, dogs and others.

Contracted by:

• ingesting copepod IH with procercoids -> migrate through intestinal wall and develop into plerocercoids which multiply in muscle fascia.
• Ingesting poorly cooked or smoked meat containing plerocercoid stages
• when frog flesh is used to treat eye disease in China

Question 9

Treatment of Spirometra erinacei

Answer 9

Sugery (esp if in eye)

Praziquantel 5x

Question 10

Appearance of Spirometra erinacei

Answer 10

• zipper worm as repro tract down midline

Question 11

Non-taeniid Cyclophyllidea

Answer 11

• Dipylidium Caninum
• Anoplocephala perfoliata
• Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni
• Hymenolepis
• Choanotaenia, Amoebotaenia, Raillietina, Davainea

Question 12

Lifecycle stages of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 12

Egg (thick-shelled; tiny) -> Oncosphere -> Cysterceroid (fleas, lice) -> adult (cat, dog, human)

Question 14

Effects of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 14

non pathogenic

irritation

zoonotic

Question 15

Control of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 15

Control the fleas

Question 16

Treatment of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 16

Praziquantel

Question 17

Proglottids of Dipylidium caninum

Answer 17

Cucumber shaped

Have to reproductive sets

Question 18

What species does this egg come from?

Answer 18

Dipylidium caninum

Question 19

What species does this egg come from?

Answer 19

Anoplocephala

Question 20

Anoplocephala perfoliata lifecycle stages

Answer 20

Egg (thick-shelled: rugged) -> oncosphere-> cysticercoid (oribatid mite) -> Adult (horse)

Question 21

Prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata

Where are they found in the horse?

Answer 21

30-40% in Vic but increasing as Ivermectin and oth MLs not effective against cestodes.

Found in the ileocaecal junction and caecum

Question 22

Effects of Anoplocephala perfoliata

Answer 22

• severe lesions at ileocaecal junction (ulceration, diphtheresis and thickening of mucosa, submucosa and lamina propria)
• can lead to colic and or ileocaecal intussusception
• worms physically block the iliocaecal junction

Question 23

Features of Anoplocephala perfoliata

• length
• Number of suckers on scolex
• segment dimensions

Answer 23

• 1-3cm long
• no rostellum
• 4 suckers on scolex
• lappet under suckers (diagnostic)
• segments are wider than they are long

Question 24

Treatment of Anoplocephala perfoliata

Answer 24

praziquantel, pyrantel

Question 25

Transmission of Anoplocephala perfoliata

Answer 25

Orbatid mite ingested on grass. Most common in the summer months. Control in early spring to stop the eggs getting onto the pasture

Question 26

Non Taeniid cestode of ruminants

Answer 26

Moniezia spp

Question 27

Moniezzia lifecycle stages

Answer 27

Egg -\> oncosphere -\> cysticercoid (orbatic mite) -\> adult (sheep and cattle)

Question 28

Proglottids of Moniezia

Answer 28

- segments wider than they are long - have secretory glands running between segments

Question 29

Sheep Moniezia features

Answer 29

Moniezia expansa (also in cattle) - 3-6m long - interproglottal glands spread out

Question 30

Cattle Moniezia

Answer 30

Moniezia benedeni (also sheep) - 3m long - interproglottidal glands in a short row close to the mid line

Question 31

PPP of Moniezia

Answer 31

6 weeks

Question 32

Hymenolepis worms DH and IH

Answer 32

Hymenolepis carioca (poultry) Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta - commonly infect humans and rodent - IH are arthropods

Question 33

General features of Hymenolepis

Answer 33

- unilateral genital pore - rostellum with single row of hooks - 1-4 testes

Question 34

Non taeniid cestodes of birds What is the IH? Which have pathogenic adults\*

Answer 34

Choanotaenia (arthropods) Amoebotaenia (earthworms) Raillietina\* (arthropods) Davainea\* (slugs)

Question 35

Raillietina pathogenesis

Answer 35

cause enteritis Raillietina echinobothrida produces nodules.

Question 36

Davainea pathogenesis

Answer 36

- very pathogenic causing marked enteritis. - in duodenum of fowls and pigeons - common in Aus

Question 37

Scolex in larval Pseudophyllidea

Answer 37

same as adults

Question 38

Scolex in Non taeniid cyclophyllidea larva

Answer 38

inside out scolex