Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Flashcards
Master PT, MT, ET, RT, UT and VT. (145 cards)
1
Q
The act of determining the suitability of a material for its intended purpose without affecting its serviceability is called:
A
Nondestructive Examination (NDE)
2
Q
What NDE method is shown here?
A
UT
ultrasonic testing
3
Q
What NDE method is considered to be a true volumetric test?
A
UT
ultrasonic testing
4
Q
What does PAUT stand for?
A
Phased array ultrasonic testing
5
Q
The electrical pulse used to create vibration in UT (ultrasonic testing) is called:
A
Main bang or initial pulse
6
Q
In UT (ultrasonic testing) the ability to locate discontinuities that are close together is called:
A
Resolution
7
Q
Quartz and tourmaline are examples of:
A
Piezoelectric crystals
8
Q
What is the material used to improve the transmission of ultrasonic energy from the transducer into the part called?
A
Couplant
9
Q
A piezoelectric crystal is used in what NDE method?
A
UT
ultrasonic testing
10
Q
What type of transducer contains two independently operating elements in a single housing?
A
Dual element transducer
11
Q
In UT (ultrasonic testing), the ability to locate a small discontinuity is called what?
A
Sensitivity
12
Q
In UT (ultrasonic testing), the devices used to convert electrical energy into vibrations are called what?
A
Transducers
13
Q
Water, oil and glycerin are all useful as:
A
Couplant
14
Q
Longitudinal, shear and surface are types of what?
A
Sound waves
15
Q
Pictured here are different types of _________ used in UT (ultrasonic testing).
A
Transducers
16
Q
What type of UT (ultrasonic testing) is shown here?
A
PAUT
phased array ultrasonic testing
17
Q
What is the active element used in most transducers today?
A
Piezoelectric ceramic
18
Q
The liquid used in UT (ultrasonic testing) to facilitate the transmission of sound energy from the transducer into the part is called:
A
Couplant
19
Q
In general, a discontinuity must be _________ the wavelength of the ultrasound in order to be detected.
A
1/2
20
Q
What type of sound wave is able to follow a surface around a curve?
A
A surface wave
21
Q
The effect on sound waves caused by scattering and absorption is called what?
A
Attenuation
22
Q
Decibel’ is a term used in what NDE method?
A
UT
ultrasonic testing
23
Q
Pulse-echo, pulse-transmission and continuous wave resonance are all techniques of what NDE method?
A
UT
ultrasonic testing
24
Q
Comparing UT (ultrasonic testing) indications to dimensions in a test block is a means of:
A
Calibration
25
Which NDE method is most likely to detect subsurface laminations in a rolled plate?
UT
ultrasonic testing
26
MT (magnetic particle testing) can only be used to inspect what types of materials?
Ferromagnetic
materials that can be magnetized
27
To be accurate, MT (magnetic particle testing) must be done in how many directions?
Two
28
MT (magnetic particle testing) can be used with which type of current?
DC or AC
direct or alternating current
29
Which type of electrical current provides the deepest penetration?
DC
direct current
30
Which type of current gives the best mobility to iron particles?
AC
alternating current
31
What type of discontinuity will provide the sharpest MT (magnetic particle testing) indication?
Surface crack
32
Which MT (magnetic particle testing) equipment produce longitudinal magnetization?
Yoke and coil
33
A yoke produces what type of magnetism?
Longitudinal
34
Prods produce what type of magnetism?
Circular
35
A head shot produces what kind of magnetization?
Circular
36
A central conductor produces what type of magnetism?
Circular
37
A coil shot produces what type of magnetization?
Longitudinal
38
The normal spacing between MT (magnetic particle testing) prods is:
6" - 8"
39
Which MT (magnetic particle testing) equipment produces circular magnetization?
Prods, head shot and central conductor
40
What method of NDE is shown here?
MT (magnetic particle testing) using a head shot
41
What method of NDE is shown here?
MT (magnetic particle inspection) using a yoke
42
What method of NDE is shown here?
MT (magnetic particle inspection) using prods
43
What method of NDE is being used here?
MT (magnetic particle inspection) using a coil
44
Which magnetization technique should be used for the discovery of longitudinal flaws?
Circular magnetization
45
To detect discontinuities on the inside of a pipe, what MT (magnetic particle testing) technique must be used?
Central conductor
46
The direction of magnetic flow is always \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the direction of current flow.
Perpendicular (opposite)
47
Can MT (magnetic particle testing) be used to inspect aluminum?
No
48
Flux leakage' is a term used in what NDE method?
MT
magnetic particle testing
49
For MT (magnetic particle testing), when the flux lines are parallel to the discontinuity, how would the indication appear?
Weak or non-existent
50
For the detection of very fine surface cracks using MT (magnetic particle testing) would dry or wet, visible or fluorescent be the best choice?
Wet fluorescent
51
Permeability and retentivity are terms associated with what NDE method?
MT
magnetic particle testing
52
Do flux lines outside of a magnet flow North to South, or South to North?
North to South
53
The ease with which a material can be magnetized is called what?
Permeability
54
Which NDE method should be most effective at detecting subsurface porosity?
RT
radiographic testing
55
The higher the density of an object, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ it will appear on a radiograph.
Lighter
56
If equal thicknesses of steel, cast iron, aluminum and lead were radiographed, which would result in the darkest image?
Aluminum
57
Will porosity and lack of fusion appear lighter or darker on a radiograph?
Darker
58
Lead screens, processing equipment and viewers are used with what NDE method?
RT
radiographic testing
59
Cobalt-60, Iridium-192, Selenium-75 and Ytterbium-169 are common types of what?
Isotopes
sources for radiography
60
What is the main benefit of RTR (real-time radiography)?
Faster results
61
What does SWE/SWV stand for?
Single wall exposure, single wall view
62
The two most common industrial Gamma ray sources are:
Cobalt-60 and Iridium-192
63
What does DWE/DWV stand for?
Double wall exposure, double wall view
64
Source to film distance, source to object distance and the size of the source can all affect the amount of what RT (radiographic testing) property?
Geometric unsharpness
65
In RT (radiographic testing), information about resolution and contrast sensitivity are provided by what?
IQI's
image quality indicators
66
The type of film used and the process used to develop the film determine what?
Contrast
67
What exposure arrangement is shown here?
DWE/DWV
double wall exposure/double wall view
68
What exposure arrangement is shown here?
SWE/SWV
single wall exposure/single wall view
69
Thin sheets of lead foil placed in contact with the film during exposure to increase the film density are called:
Lead screens
70
X-rays and Gamma rays present a health risk because they release ionizing radiation, which means the radiation can:
Break chemical bonds
71
What exposure arrangement is shown here?
DWE/SWV
double wall exposure/single wall view
72
What exposure arrangement is shown here?
DWE/DWV
double wall exposure/double wall view
73
What exposure arrangement is shown here?
SWE/SWV
single wall exposure/single wall view
74
Attenuation of radiation is caused by what two factors?
Scattering and absorption
75
A densitometer is used to measure what?
Film density
76
A thin, transparent, flexible plastic strip coated with silver bromide crystals is called:
Radiographic film
77
What discontinuity is shown here?
Porosity
78
Do X-rays and Gamma rays always travel in straight lines?
Yes
79
What type of inclusion shows as a light region on a radiograph?
Tungsten
80
What discontinuity is shown here?
Inadequate penetration
81
What discontinuity is shown here?
Undercut
82
The parallel lines transverse to the weld found in this radiograph are examples of what?
IQI
image quality indicators
83
IQI (image quality indicators) are used in what NDE method?
RT
radiographic testing
84
IQI (image quality indicators) may be of what type?
Wire, hole, or step
85
The measure of how long a radioactive isotope will be useful is called its:
Half-life
86
The electro-magnetic principle shown here applies to what NDE method?
ET
eddy current testing
87
What type of NDE is shown here?
ET
eddy current testing
88
Electrical conductivity is an important factor for which NDE method?
ET
Eddy current testing
89
ET (eddy current testing) uses what type of electrical current?
AC
alternating current
90
Electromagnetic induction' is a term used with what NDE method?
ET
eddy current testing
91
The coil in an ET (eddy current testing) probe is usually made from what?
Copper
92
Narrow EDM (electrical discharge machining) notches and saw cuts are used in calibration blocks to simulate what?
Cracks
93
What NDE method is shown here?
ET
eddy current testing
94
Some common types of probes used in ET (eddy current testing) are:
Surface, bolt hole and ID probes
95
In ET (eddy current testing), the relationship between magnetizing force and flux density is shown on a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hysteresis loop
96
Pictured here are different types of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ used in ET (eddy current testing).
Probes
97
Are ET (eddy current testing) probes with iron cores more or less sensitive than probes with air cores?
More sensitive
98
The depth that eddy currents penetrate into a part is affected by:
Electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability
99
Induced electric currents circulating wholly within a mass of metal are called:
Eddy currents
100
Which NDE method can be used to tell a materials conductivity, hardness, heat treatment and the thickness of a thin part?
ET
eddy current testing
101
Magnetic permeability, electrical resistivity and probe drive frequency are all terms associated with that NDE method?
ET
eddy current testing
102
Can ET (eddy current testing) be used on aluminum?
Yes
103
What type of ET (eddy current testing) probe is commonly used to inspect the I.D. (internal diameter) of machined holes?
Bolt hole probe
104
The total opposition that an AC circuit experiences is called:
Impedance
105
Capillary action plays a role in which NDE method?
PT
penetrant testing
106
Which NDE methods do not require electricity?
RT, PT and VT
radiographic, penetrant and visual testing
107
Should VT (visual testing) be conducted before or after PT (penetrant testing)?
Before
108
What NDE method is shown here?
PT
penetrant testing
109
The two types of dye penetrant are:
1. Visible
2. Fluorescent
110
Penetrant may be applied by what methods?
Dipping, brushing or spraying
111
PT (penetrant testing) should not be used if the surface of the part is above what temperature?
100°F
112
What penetrant method is easiest to use in the field?
Visible dye, water washable
113
A developer is used with what type of NDE?
PT
penetrant testing
114
The force that pulls water up into a paper towel is called:
Capillary action
115
The four basic steps to performing PT (penetrant testing) are:
1. Clean
2. Apply penetrant
3. Remove excess penetrant
4. Apply developer
116
Water washable, solvent removable, and post-emulsifiable are all types of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ used in PT (penetrant testing).
Penetrant removal
117
The minimum dwell time for PT (penetrant testing) is usually:
1-5 minutes
118
Dry powder, water soluble, water suspendable and nonaqueous are all types of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ used in PT (penetrant testing).
Developers
119
The length of time that the dye is left on the part during a PT (penetrant test) test is known as:
Dwell time
120
One of the greatest factors in performing a successful PT (penetrant testing) examination is:
The cleanliness of the part
121
What NDE method is shown here?
Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection
| (FPI)
122
Capillary action is the basic principle behind which NDE method?
PT
penetrant testing
123
Which NDE method relies on a pressure differential?
LT
leak testing
124
Helium, soapy water, and a vacuum may all be used with what NDE method?
LT
leak testing
125
The type of LT (leak testing) where water is pressurized inside of a part is called:
Hydrostatic testing
126
Which NDE methods may not detect a discontinuity that is parallel to the probing energy?
RT, UT, and MT
radiographic, ultrasonic and magnetic particle testing
127
Which NDE methods are limited to surface and near surface discontinuities?
MT and ET
magnetic particle and eddy current testing
128
Which NDE methods are limited to the detection of surface discontinuities only?
PT and VT
Dye penetrant and visual testing
129
Ultraviolet light may be used with which NDE methods?
FPI and FMPI
fluorescent penetrant and fluorescent magnetic particle inspection
130
The normally invisible radiation that can be seen using a mercury lamp with a filter in a dark environment is called what?
Fluoresence
131
Which NDE methods can detect surface cracks?
Any
132
Paint will most greatly affect which NDE methods?
PT and MT
penetrant and magnetic particle testing
133
When a weld has been rejected by a qualified NDE tech, the welding inspector should:
Review the test results and maintain the test record
134
NDE technicians must be certified to what standard?
ASNT SNT-TC-1A
135
How many levels of qualification does ASNT SNT-TC-1A define?
Three
136
Must the welding inspector be certified to ASNT SNT-TC-1A to perform VT (visual testing)?
No
137
What discontinuity is shown here?
Cluster porosity
138
What NDE method uses the equipment shown here?
RT
radiographic testing
139
This pie gauge is used to calibrate what NDE method?
MT
magnetic particle testing
140
Can the human eye see visible or fluorescent dye better?
Fluorescent
141
In UT (ultrasonic testing) the horizontal axis of the screen tells what?
The distance the sound has traveled
142
What does PMI stand for?
Positive material identification
143
What discontinuity is shown in this digital radiograph?
Lamellar tear
144
What NDE method is this?
MT with a yoke
145
What reference standard is this?
IIW (International Institute of Welding) calibration block
