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Normal development Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What factors influence normal development?

A

Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental

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2
Q

What are the 4 areas of development?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor & vision
Language & hearing
Social behaviour & play

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3
Q

By what age should a child be able to have head control?

A

3 months

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4
Q

By what age should a child be able to sit balance?

A

6 months

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5
Q

By what age should a child be able to crawl?

A

9 months

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6
Q

By what age should a child be able to stand?

A

12 months

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7
Q

By what age should a child be able to walk/run?

A

18 months

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8
Q

By what age should a child be able to climb stairs with 2 feets?

A

2 years

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9
Q

By what age should a child be able to climb stair with alternating feet?

A

3 years

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10
Q

By what age should a child be able to hop?

A

4 years

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11
Q

What are the motor primitive reflexes? (5)

A 
Sucking & rooting 
Palmar & plantar grasp 
ATNR 
Moro reflex 
Stepping & placing
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12
Q

Wht is the ATNR?

A

Turning head to one side causes extension of same side limbs

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13
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Abduction & adduction (flapping) of arms when head support stopped

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14
Q

By what age should a child be able to hand regard in midline?

A

3 months

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15
Q

By what age should a child be able to palmar grasp toy?

A

6 months

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16
Q

By what age should a child be able to scissor grasp?

A

9 months

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17
Q

By what age should a child be able to pincer grasp?

A

12 months

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18
Q

By what age should a child be able to build a tower of 3-4 blocks?

A

18 months

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19
Q

By what age should a child be able to build a tower of 6-7 blocks?

A

2 years

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20
Q

By what age should a child be able to build a tower of 9 blocks & copy a circle?

A

3 years

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21
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a simple man?

A

4 years

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22
Q

By what age should a child be able to vocalise?

A

3 months

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23
Q

By what age should a child be able to babble?

A

6 months

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24
Q

By what age should a child be able to imitate sounds?

A

9 months

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25
By what age should a child be able to know it's own name?
12 months
26
By what age should a child be able to name 2 body parts and say 5-20 words?
18 months
27
By what age should a child be able to follow simple instructions are say 50+ words?
2 years
28
By what age should a child be able to follow complex instructions & ask questions?
3 years
29
By what age should a child be able to tell stories of experiences?
4 years
30
By what age should a child be able to social smile?
6 weeks
31
By what age should a child be able to pleasure on friendly handling?
3 months
32
By what age should a child be able to play with their feet and be friendly to strangers?
6 months
33
By what age should a child develop stranger awareness?
9 months
34
By what age should a child be able to play peek-a-boo?
9 months
35
By what age should a child be able to drink from a cup & wave bye-bye?
12 months
36
By what age should a child be able to feed with a spoon?
18 months
37
By what age should a child be able to do symbolic play and put on some clothes?
2 years
38
By what age should a child be able to pretend interactive play?
3 years
39
By what age should a child be toilet trained?
3 years
40
By what age should a child be able to understand turn taking & dress themselves fully?
4 years
41
What stimulates puberty?
FSH & LH release
42
What is the average age of puberty for a girl?
11 years
43
What is the average age of puberty for a boy?
11 and a half years
44
At what age is a girl defined as having precocious puberty?
45
At what age is a boy defined as having precocious puberty?
46
At what age is a girl defined as having pubertal delay?
13 y/o
47
At what age is a boy defined as having pubertal delay?
14 y/o
48
On average how much taller are boys than girls?
12.5-14cm`
49
What blood should be done when checking for abnormal growht?
Gonadotrophins Growth Factors Testosterone/oestradiol Karyotype
50
What can cause short stature?
``` Genetic short stature Constitutional growth delay Dysmorphic syndromes Endocrine disorders Chronic diseases Psychosocial deprivation ```
51
Endocrine causes of short stature
``` Hypothyroidism Growth hormone insufficiency Hypopituitarism Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism Excessive corticosteroid administeration Craniopharyngioma ```
52
Inherited disorders that cause short stature
Down's syndrome Pader-Willi syndrome Duchenne's muscuar dystrophy Fragile X
53
When should orlistat be prescribed in childhood obesity?
BMI > 99.6th centile
54
What are red flags for developmental delay?
``` Assymetry of movement Not reaching for objects by 6 months Unable to sit up unsupported by 12 months Unable to walk by 18 months Concerns regarding vision or hearing Loss of skills ```
55
What should be checked when a child is unable to walk by 18 months?
CK (DMD)
56
What should be screened in children with Down's syndrome?
``` Cardiac (septal defect) Vision Hearing Thyroidfunction (underactive may be missed due to wieght gain) Sleep related vreathing disorders Growth (different charts) ```
57
What conditions can cause motor delays?
DMD Cerebral Palsy Co-ordination disorders
58
What conditions can causes sensory deficits and associated delay?
Oculocutaneous albinism | Treacher-collins
59
How is DMD transmitted?
X-linked (affects boys only)
60
Presentation of DMD
Language delay Weakness particulary around pelvic girdle Pseudohypertrophy of calves
61
Investigations for DMD
CK = very high | Gower's manouvre
62
What type of CP typically presents in pre-term infants and typically affects legs?
Spastic diplegia
63
Is CP progressive?
No because injury has already happened but not unchanging
64
Conditions associate with CP?
``` Mobility problems Learning difficulties Epilepsy Visual/hearing impairment Communication difficulties ```
65
Presentation of oculocutaneous albinism
Fair skin Pink eyes Sensitive to light Usually visual problems
66
What is cerebral visual impairment associated with?
Hydrocephalus& CP
67
Features of Treacher Collins
Small jaw & chin Cleft palate Conductive hearing loss rudimentary ears
68
What is the autistic triad?
Communication Social interaction Flexibility of thought/imagination
69
Features of ASD in conversation
Unable to share pleasure Not motivated by need for social approval lack of awareness of reciprocal nature of conversation
70
When should stepping relfex disappear by?
6 weeks
71
When should moro reflex disappear by?
2-4 months
72
When should ANTR & palmar grasp disappear by?
6 months
73
When should sucking/rooting disappear by?
3-4 months

AY Child & Family (5 decks)

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