Notes 1 (Body) Flashcards by Catherine Poteete

superior

towards the head

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inferior

away from the head

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ventral

toward the front of the body

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dorsal

toward the back of the body

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medial

towards the mid line

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lateral

away from the mid line

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ipsilateral

same side of the body

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contralateral

opposite side of the body

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proximal

closer to the attachment point (hips and shoulders)

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distal

farther from attachment point (hips and shoulders)

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superficial

towards the surface (towards the skin)

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deep

away from the surface (towards the bone)

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Flexion

movement that decreases the angle between bones

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extensions

movement that increases the angle between bones

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ABduction

movement away from the body mid line

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ADduction

Movement towards the body mid line

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Circumduction

circular motion of a limb

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Medial Rotation

turning anterior limb inward towards the bodies mid line

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Lateral Rotation

turning anterior limb away from the bodies mid line

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Pronation

medial rotation of the forearm (palms down)

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Supination

lateral rotation of the forearm (palms up)

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Inversion

medial rotation of foot

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Eversion

lateral rotation of foot

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Dorsi-flexion

flexing the foot

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Planter-flexion

pointing the foot

Elevation

raising shoulders

Depression

lowering shoulders

Protraction

shoulders forward

retration

shoulders backwards

opposition

moves tip of thumb into contact with palm or finger tips

Lateral flexion

bending in vertebral column (spine)

Cephalic Region

Head

Occipital

Back of head

Frontal

Forehead

Otic

Ear

Orbital

Eye

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic region

Neck to Abdominal

Axillary

Armpit

Mammary

Chest

Sternal

Middle part of chest

Abdominal

Abdomen

Umbilical

Belly button

Pelvic

Above groin below abdominal

Inguinal

Groin

Acromial

Shoulder

Branchial

Arm

Antecubital

Front of Elbow

Olecranal

Back of Elbow

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Palmar

Palm

Pollex

Thumb

Digital

Fingers

Lower Limb

Leg

Coxal

Hip

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Knee

Popliteal

Back of Knee

Crural

Leg

Fibular/Peroneal

Fibula / Outside of leg

Sural

Calf

Pedal

Foot

Tarsal

Ankle

Calcaneal

Heel

Metatarsal

Arch

Plantar

Bottom of Foot

Digital

Toes

Hallux

Big toe

Scapular

Shoulder Blades

Vertebral

Spine

Lumbar

By Vertebral above Gluteal

Sacral

Triangle above Gluteal

Gluteal

Butt region

Perineal

Between Anus and Pelvic

Sagittal Plane

Divides body vertically into right and left parts

Midsagittal Plane

Lies on Mid line

Coronal Plane / Frontal Plane

Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

Tranverse Plane / Cross Section

Divides body horizontally into Superior and Inferior parts

Dorsal Cavity

Protects Nervous System

Cranial Cavity

Encases Brain

Vertebral Cavity

Encases Spinal Cord

Ventral Cavity

Houses internal organs Viscera

Abdominal Cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

Pelvic Cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Right Upper Quadrant

Liver and Gallbladder

Right Lower Quadrant

Appendix

Left Upper Quadrant

Stomach

Left Lower Quadrant

Bowel

Red blood cells Structure and Function

Structure: circular, have no organelles (smooth), and have red hemoglobin Function: their structure allows for easy movement through narrow blood vessels. Having no organelles creates more surface area (space) for O2 and CO2 transportation

What happens when red blood cell structure changes?

When the red blood cell structure becomes rigid, sickle shape, and has sticky ends. This causes an increased risk of blood cells to get caught on blood vessel walls causing a clot. resulting in a decrease of O2, cell death, and tissue damage.

Immune System Structure and Function

Structure: Macrophages have large white blood cells, kill bad bacteria, are large, and have lysosomes. Function: Macrophages branch out and grab onto bad bacteria (pathogens) and breaks down the bacteria preventing it from re-entering the body

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Response reduces or shuts of original stimulus (tries to change)

Positive Feedback System

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

Homeostasis Feedback Mechanism (Negative)

Blood pressure → Pressure receptors in large blood vessels →Nuclei in the brain stem → heart rate, force of contraction of heart, level of constriction of blood vessels →

Homeostasis Feedback Mechanism (Positive)

Child birth→contractions start→more pressure is applied to cervix and Oxycontin is released→more contractions occur→

Notes 1 (Body) Flashcards

(100 cards)