Notes on Staining Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

_________________ and _____________ is the most commonly used staining technique in histology and routine pathology.

A

Hematoxylin and eosin

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2
Q

In hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the basic dye, ___________________, stains acidic structures, including nuclei, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Hematoxylin

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3
Q

What color does the basic dye hematoxylin dye structures in H&E staining?

A

Purplish blue

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4
Q

_____________ is an acidic dye used in H&E staining that stains basic structures red or pink.

A

Eosin

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5
Q

What proteins typically turn red or pink in H&E staining? Why?

A

Cytoplasmic proteins because eosin binds to basic structures

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6
Q

What staining technique stains complex carbohydrates a deep red color?

A

Periodic acid-schiff reaction (PAS)

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7
Q

______________ ____________ is a so-called connective tissue technique because it is used to demonstrate supporting tissue elements, principally collagen.

A

Masson trichome

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8
Q

In masson trichome staining, three colors can be produced. What are they?

A
  1. Blue
  2. Green or blue
  3. Bright red
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9
Q

In masson trichrome staining, nuclei and other basophilic structures are stained _____________; collagen is stained ___________ or blue depending upon technique variant; and cytoplasm, nuclei, erthryocytes, and keratin are stained ___________.

A

Blue

Green

Bright red

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10
Q

_______________ ___________ is a muscin stain that may be used in conjunction with other staining methods.

A

Alcian blue

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11
Q

Certain types of mucin, but not all, are stained ____________ by the Alcian blue method, as is cartilage. When the technique is combined with van Gieson, however, the Alcian blue color becomes _____________.

A

Blue

Green

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12
Q

__________ ___________ is another connective tissue method in which collagen is stained ___________, nuclei are blue, and erythrocytes and cytopasm _________________. When used in combination with an elastic stain, elastin is stained ______________.

A

van Gieson

Red

Yellow

Blue/black

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13
Q

Which staining technique shows the reticulin fibers of supporting tissue, which are stained blue/black?

A

Reticulin stain

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14
Q

This technique is traditionally classed as a connective tissue method but is excellent for demonstrating fine cytological detail, especially in epithelium.

A

Azan

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15
Q

In the azan staining technique, nuclei stain _____________; collagen, basement membrane, and mucin stain ___________; and muscle and red blood cells stain orange to red.

A

Bright red

Blue

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16
Q

This technique is a standard method for staining blood cells and other cell smears. Nuclei are stained dark blue to violet, background cytoplasm pale blue, and erthryocytes pale pink.

A

Giemsa

17
Q

This stain is one of the few stains that will differentially stain tissues in very thin epozy resin sections and is particularly used in high-resolution investigations of the glomerulus structures in health and disease.

A

Toluidine blue

18
Q

This method is applied to acrylic resin sections of undecalcified bone to distinguish between mineralized bone and unmineralized osteoid and has a hematoxylin component that stains the nuclei of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and marrow cells.

A

Goldner’s tichrome stain

19
Q

These methods were popular in the 19th century but today are only occasionally used to demonstrate fine structures in cellular processes.

A

Silver and gold

20
Q

These techniques use a basic dye to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum found in neurones.

A

Nissl and methylene blue

21
Q

____________ __________ and _____________ stain lipid-containing structures a brownish-black color for light microscopy. ________________ is also used as the staining agent for electron microscopy contrast, resulting in electron-dense structures.

A

Sudan black and osium

Osium

22
Q

Which group of techniques are vital for diagnostic purposes and research?

A

Immunohistological techniques

23
Q

Immunohistological Techniques

A section of tissue is placed on a glass slide, and a solution of ____(1)_____ is laid over the tissue and then excess is ____________. To demonstrate its position, the _____(1)______ is prelinked to an indicator substance. This may be a fluorescent substance like fluorescein, in which case the technique is known as _______________. It is more useful to bind the ___(1)_____ to an _________________ that is able to convert a colorless substrate to a colored product. Commonly used type is __________________, in which the tehnique is called __________________. A further modification of this principle for EM uses __________(1)__________ linked to _______, as it’s electron-dense, and can be detected via EM. This is known as _____________ _____________.

A
  1. Antibodies
  2. Washed
  3. Antibody
  4. Immunofluorescence
  5. Antibody
  6. Enzyme
  7. Horseradish peroxidase
  8. Immunoperoxidase technique
  9. Gold
  10. Immunogold labelling