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Geo > November 2020 > Flashcards

November 2020 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Line join all points that are the same height above sea level

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2
Q

Horizontal?

A

Ground level

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3
Q

High oblique?

A

Horizon

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4
Q

Low oblique?

A

No horizon

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5
Q

Weather?

A

Daily condition of atmosphere at a particular place and time.

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6
Q

Climate?

A

Average weather in a place over many years

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7
Q

What are the elements of weather?

A 
Temp of air
Atmospheric pressure
Wind direction/strength
Humidity
Clouds
Sunshine
Precipitation
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8
Q

Temperature?

A

Thermometer
Max and min thermometer

*C

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9
Q

Humidity?

A

Hygrometer

%

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10
Q

Rainfall?

A

Rain gauge

mm

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11
Q

Wind speed?

A

Anemometer

Km/hour

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12
Q

Direction?

A

Wind vane

Points of compass

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13
Q

Cloud cover

A

Observation

Eighths of a circle

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14
Q

Factors influencing Namibia’s climate?

A

Latitude
Altitude
Distance from sea
Ocean currents

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15
Q

Latitude?

A

Temps decrease from equator to north and south poles

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16
Q

Altitude?

A

Temp drops with height: 1*C for every 100m increase in height.

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17
Q

Distance from sea, ocean currents?

A

Heat from sun heats water, currents mis warm water and cool water. Sea warm up slowly, cool down slowly. Land heats/cools quicker than sea. Places near sea have moderate climate. The more inland, more extreme climate; summers very hot, winters very cold.

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18
Q

Ocean currents?

A

Cool air above them. This air blows over land as wind. When currents flow near coastline, have effect on climate.

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19
Q

Cold Benguela current?

A

Lowers temps along coast
Less rainfall along W namibia
Fog along coast (30-60km inland)

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20
Q

High pressure system?

A

Warm, dry, sunny, cloudless
Sinking, descending
Khalahari HP
South Atlantic HP

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21
Q

Low pressure system?

A

Cool, cloudy, changeable weather with rain.

System rising

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22
Q

Land and sea breezes?

A

Day, lands heats more quick than sea. Air above land forms small, local area LP. Air over sea remains cool, area HP forms above. Sea breeze blows blows towards coast during day, brings low cloud/shower of rain. Night, land cools more quick, opposite happens. Land breeze to sea.

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23
Q

Valley and mountain breezes?

A

Day, sun heats sides more than floor valley (angles sun’s rays, floor,slopes) warm air rising at sides - valley breeze.

Night,sides cool more quickly than floor, wind direction reverses as cooler, denser air sinks toward valley floor - mountain breeze.

When valley breezes, hold enough moisture, cumulus clouds -> rain

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24
Q

Berg winds?

A

Air from Kalahari HP system over plateau moves westwards to coast, where air pressure lower. Air flows down escarpment. +1*C for every -100m. Results in sudden increase in temp along coast

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25
Pollution?
Putting dangerous chemicals into water and air that plants, animals and humans use.
26
Deforestation?
Removal of trees by humans
27
Desertification?
When fertile land becomes a desert as a result of droughts, deforestation or bad farming methods
28
Bush encroachment?
Grazing grass replaced with invasive bush
29
Causes of bush encroachment?
Overgrazing Drought Burning veld, rain expected, not come
30
Effects of bush encroachment?
Take over, animals can no longer graze in area | Neither humans animals can pass through area
31
Population explosion?
Increase in population at very fast rate
32
What are the effects of a population explosion?
Not enough food Not enough fresh water Overcrowded
33
Water population causes/efects
Cause: sewage/oil tankers Effects: diarrhea, cholera, typhoid
34
Land pollution causes/effects?
Causes: deforestation, agriculture, mining, landfills Effects: loss fertile soil, affect crop growth (human health), rubbish burnt
35
Air pollution causes/effects?
Causes: burn fossil fuels, mining, damage of ozone layer Effects: breathing problems, global warming, depletion of ozone layer, acid rain
36
Deforestation preventions?
Plant more trees Use less paper Use recycled paper
37
Desertification preventions?
Government introduce policies control types of farming, how in affected areas. Farmers educated about problem, how prevent Rehabilitation efforts
38
Overgrazing preventions?
Government control nr animals on area land Rotational grazing Educate how manage farming, land not overgrazed
39
Pollution preventions?
``` conserve E, turn light off when leave Waste right bin Reusable bags Public transport 3 R’s ```
40
What causes plates to move?
Slow convection currents flow in mantle, force act on plates and push plates away from each other, where currents sink, plates collide.
41
Mountain ranges?
Collide, material pushed up along plate boundary from mountains
42
Oceanic trenches?
Converge, oceanic under continental deep trench along seabed along subduction zone.
43
Mid oceanic ridges?
Plates diverge in middle of ocean. Magma rises from mantle, forms fresh crust along plate boundary.
44
How are mountains formed?
When 2 plates converge, layers rock laid between are lifted up. Rock compressed and squeezed.
45
Negative impact of volcanoes?
- killed/injured by volcanic bombs/falling ash - flowing lava/ash burn/bury people, vegetation, buildings - poisonous gasses can kill people/animals - ash clouds damage aircraft, visibility poor, unsafe to fly
46
What are the positive effects of volcanoes?
Farming: lava weathers into rich, fertile soil Tourism: fantastic scenery Heating and electricity: underground water in volcanic regions warm enough to use for heating systems and electricity generation.
47
What are all the types of mechanical weathering?
Heat Exfoliation Frost shattering
48
What are all the types of chemical weathering?
``` Hydration Hydrolysis Oxidation Carbonation Minerals dissolved ``` Plants and animals
49
Hydraulic action?
Flowing water has energy Move all loose material in path Weakens solid rock by forcing into cracks
50
Abrasion?
Rocks, stones scrape sides of valley, water flows downstream Pothole: fast flowing river cause rocks, pebbles spin round and round, hole warn away in rock Waterfall: hard rock with soft layer underneath, soft rocks erodes away more quickly -> undercutting. At base, water erodes deep hole, plunge pool
51
Ocean?
Waves erode softer rock, hard rock resists erosion->coastline, headlands face sea.
52
Where mahangu?
Low rainfall, sandy soil | North central and Kavango region
53
Where maize?
Irrigation: hardap irrigation project Etunda in omusati Kavango regions Rain-fed: maize triangle tsumeb, otavi and grootfontein. Omaheke, zambezi
54
Stock farming?
Keeping of domestic farm animals
55
What are the two biggest stock farming breeds?
Beef cattle and Karakul
56
What is the effect of the cold Benguela current on fishing?
Wells up against coast, brings nutrient rich water from depths of Atlantic ocean. Stimulates growth of microscopic marine organisms, food for fish, food for bigger fish.
57
What is the size of the exclusive economic zone?
200 nuetical mile | 360km
58
Diamond mining?
First: 1908, railway worker along Luderitz to Keetmanshoop line 1990 Consolidated diamond mines - Namdeb (De Beers and Namibian Government)
59
Road transport?
44500 km 7000 tarred 37000 gravel
60
Rail transport?
TransNamib
61
Air transport?
Air Namibia
62
Ocean transport?
Walvis Bay and Luderitz
63
Why does Namibia attract tourists?
Magnificent scenery with some unusual geological features Wildlife Reputation of conservation and ecotourism
64
What are three factors influencing distribution?
Relief: flat ground easy to build and farm Resources for industry: regions that have few mineral and agricultural resources, and poor energy sources do not encourage large population Socio-economic factors: farm: few work oppertunities
65
Types of migration?
``` Internal External Emigration Immigration Voluntary Forced Refugees Displaced people Internally displaced people Permanent Temporary ```
66
Vegetation?
Depends on amount rainfall, as well as average temps
67
Highways?
Trans-Kalahari | Trans-Caprivi

Geo (8 decks)

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