NSTP 1 finals Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
include the heartbeat, breathing rate,
temperature and blood pressure.
A
Vital signs
2
Q
Normal ranges for the average
healthy adult vital signs are:
* Blood pressure:
A
120/80 mm/Hg
3
Q
Normal ranges for the average
healthy adult vital signs are:
* Breathing
A
12-18 breaths per minute
4
Q
Normal ranges for the average
healthy adult vital signs are:
* Pulse:
A
60-80 (to 100) beats per minute (at rest)
5
Q
Normal ranges for the average
healthy adult vital signs are:
* Temperature:
A
97.8 degrees Fahrenheit/average 98.6
Fahrenheit or 36.5 to 37.5 degrees centigrade
6
Q
Defined, as the rate at which the heart beats in one minute, the heart beat is indicative of the
health of the person.
A
Pulse Rate
7
Q
Pulse Rate beats per min.
A
60-80 (to 100) beats per min.
8
Q
normal pulse rate for humans is
A
60 to 100 beats per minute
9
Q
medical conditions which may alter the normal pulse rate of an individual.
A
cardiac arrhythmia
10
Q
Atrial fibrillation beats per minute
A
100-175 beats per minute
11
Q
Two upper chambers of the heart experience chaotic electrical signals
A
Atrial fibrillation
12
Q
Also athletes, who do a lot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near
A
40 beats per minute.
13
Q
Normal Pulse Rate Chart
* Babies to age 1:
A
100-160
14
Q
Normal Pulse Rate Chart
* Children aged 1 to 10:
A
60-140
15
Q
Normal Pulse Rate Chart
* Children aged 10+ and adults:
A
60-100
16
Q
Normal Pulse Rate Chart
* Well-conditioned athletes:
A
40-60
17
Q
is found close to the inside part of your
wrist near your thumb
A
radial artery
18
Q
an easy artery to use when checking your heart rate during or after exercise.
A
radial artery
19
Q
is the process that occurs when oxygen is inhaled into the lungs, converted into energy via a chemical reaction and expelled as carbon dioxide.
A
Respiration
20
Q
is simply the number of breaths an individual takes per minute.
A
respiratory
21
Q
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
* Newborns:
A
30-40 breaths per minute
22
Q
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
Less than 1 year:
A
30-40 breaths per minute
23
Q
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
* 1-3 years:
A
23-35 breaths per minute
24
Q
Respiration Normal Range by Age
A
25
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
* 6-12 years:
18-26 breaths per minute
26
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
* 12-17 years:
12-20 breaths per minute
27
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
* Adults over 18:
12-20 breaths per minute
28
means that the baby is not getting enough oxygen and
compensating by breathing more frequently
Tachypnea
29
is a measure of the body’s ability to generate and get rid of heat.
Body temperature
30
is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries.
Blood Pressure
31
Your blood pressure is as its highest when the heart beats, pumping the blood
systolic pressure
32
When the heart is at rest, between beats, your blood
pressure falls
diastolic pressure
33
refers to the immediate, direct treatment of an
injured person.
First aid
34
Can be done with the patient in the position in which you
find him or her, and begins with checking the patient’s
responsiveness.
Primary Assessment
35
CODE: AVPU
o A – Alert
o V – Response to Voice
o P – Response to Pain
o U – Unresponsive/Unconscious
36
CODE: A-B-C
A- Airway
B- Breathing
C- Circulation
37
Is bleeding occurring inside the body. It can be a serious
medical emergency depending on where it occurs
Internal Bleeding
38
this most commonly occurs where there is bleeding into the stomach area; the quantity of blood combined with the tissues swelling result in rigidity to the tissues.
Boarding
39
place the person in the recovery position and with legs higher than the heart if possible. Injuries permitting.
If unconscious and breathing
40
lie the casualty down and raise or bend legs
if injuries permit.
If conscious
41
Open Wounds Types:
o Abrasions
o Lacerations
o Avulsion
o Amputation
o Puncture
42
Open Wounds First Aid:
* Control Bleeding
* Cover the wound
* Care for the shock
* Consult or refer to physician
43
Home Care (Wounds with bleeding not sever
* Clean the wound with soup and water
* Apply mild antiseptics
* Cover wounds with dressing the bandage
44
A wound where the outer layer of the skin is intact and the damage lies below the surface.
Closed Wound
45
Closed Wound Causes
* Blunt object that may result in contusion or bruises
* Application of external forces
46
Closed Wound Sign and Symptoms
* Pain and tenderness
* Swelling
* Discoloration
* Hematoma
* Uncontrolled restlessness
* Thirst
* Symptoms of shock
* Vomiting or cough-up blood
* Passage of blood in the urine or feces
* Sign of blood along mouth, nose and ear canal
47
ICES Acronym
o I – Iced application
o C – Compression
o E – Elevation
o S – Splinting
48
caused by a small blood vessel rupturing.
Nose Bleeding
49
s an injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels. This results from heat, chemicals, electricity or solar or other forma of radiation.
Burns
50
is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning material
containing carbon.
Carbon monoxide
51
Carbon monoxide Sign and Symptoms:
Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Flue-like symptoms, fatigue, Shortness of breath on exertion, Impaired judgment, Chest pain, Confusion, Depression, Hallucinations, Agitation, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Drowsiness, Visual changes, Fainting, Seizure, Memory and walking problems
52
is a combination of rescue breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) and chest compression.
CPR (or cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
53
is the physiological response to sudden airways
obstruction.
Choking
54
FBAO
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
55
causes asphyxia and is terrifying condition, occurring very accurately, withy the patient often unable to explain what is happening to them. If severe, it can result in rapid loss of consciousness and death if first aid is not undertaken quickly and successfully.
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (FBAO)
56
Types of Upper Airway Obstruction
* Tongue
* Vomit
* Foreign Body
* Swelling
* Spasm
57
Rescue breathing (mouth to mouth) mistakes:
o In adequate head tilt
o Failing to pinch the nose shut
o Not giving slow breaths
o Failing to watch chest and listen for chest exhalation
o Failing to maintain tight seal around victim’s mouth
and or nose
58
Chest compression mistakes
o Pivoting at knees instead of hips
o Wrong compression site
o Bending elbows
o Shoulders not above sternum
o Fingers touching chest
o Heel of bottom hand not in line with the sternum
o Placing palm rather than the heel of the hand on
sternum
o Lifting hands off chest between compression
(bouncing movement)
o Incorrect6 compression rate
o Jerky or jobbing compression rather than smooth ones
59
is the invasion of the body by harmful organisms
such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rickets or viruses.
Infection
60
is any person who harbors the organism and is capable of transmitting it to another individual showing no signs or manifestation of the disease.
Carrier
61
is an illness cause by an infectious agent that is transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person through an agency and a vector or an inanimate object.
Communicable disease
62
is any person or animal that is in closely association with an infected person, animal, or freshly soiled materials.
Contact
63
is a disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another directly or indirectly.
Contagious disease
64
is the process of eliminating infective microorganisms from the contaminated instruments, clothing, or Surroundings by physical means or chemical
Disinfection
65
is an animal or plant or which a parasite leaves
Host
66
is transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires direct contact of the organism through an opening in the skin.
Infectious disease
67
is an infection in the bowel, particularly the colon, characterized by diarrhea. This infection can be fatal in infant and to older people with low resistance. The main risk is due to dehydration from loss of fluid.
Amoebiasis
68
is highly infectious disease caused by virus that is transmitted by airborne droplets from infected patients. Common symptoms are mild fever, body malaise, and itchy rash of dark red pimples from the trunk to the face, scalp and limbs. The pimples develop into blister then scabs which drop off after 12 days.
Chicken Pox
69
is an acute infection of the small intestine by bacteria which cause vomiting and diarrhea (rice water stools leading dehydration). The disease is contracted from the food and drinking water contaminated by the feces of patient infected
Cholera
70
is a viral disease transmitted to man principally by mosquito. Symptoms include severe pain in the joints and muscles, headache, sore throat, fever, and an irritating rash.
Dengue Fever
71
is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system. The viruses are transmitted through coughing and sneezing. Headache, fever, loss of appetite and generalized body weakness are the common symptoms.
Influenza
72
is an infectious disease caused by the presence of parasites in the red blood cells. The disease is transmitted by a mosquito bites. It result to fever, shaking chills, sweating and even convulsions.
Malaria
73
are highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects children. It can be easily transmitted through body secretions. This may be considered on of the most common and most serious of all children diseases
Measles
74
is an inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria in which air sacs are filled with pus and turns the lungs into solid state. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even chemicals may cause pneumonia.
Pneumonia
75
is a chronic sub-acute and acute infectious disease that affects the lungs and characterized by the formation of tubercles to the nearest nodules. Many people become infected with no signs of symptoms. Infected people tend to transmit this through coughing and sneezing.
Tuberculosis
76
Tsunami Planning
* Develop a Family Disaster Plan.
* Learn about Tsunami risk in your community.
* If you are visiting an area at risk for Tsunami, check
with the hotel, motel, or camp ground operato
* Plan an evacuation route
* Practice your evacuation route
* Use a NOAA Weather Radio with tone-alert feature
* Talk to your insurance agent
* Discuss Tsunami with your family
* Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit.
77
* Sudden change of behaviour
* Withdrawal from family members
* Mood swings; irritable and grumpy and then suddenly
happy and bright
* Careless about personal grooming
* Loss of interest in hobbies, sports, and other favorite
activities
* Changed sleeping pattern; up at night and sleeps during the day
* Red or glassy eyes
* Sniffy or runny nose
General Sign of Drug User
78
* Problems at school
* Drinking and driving
* Unplanned sexual activity and consequent pregnancy or sexually transmitted disease.
* Emotional trauma over guilty feelings
* Criminal activity, often to support their habit
* Physical problems, including alcohol poisoning
* Death
Reason for Drug Abuse
79
drugs which increases alertness and physical disposition.
- Examples: amphetamine, cocaine
Stimulants
80
drugs which affect sensation, self awareness and emotion. Changes in time and spaces perception may be mild or overwhelming depending on the dosages.
- Examples: marijuana, mescaline
Hallucinogens
81
drugs that reduce anxiety and excitement.
- Examples: barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol
Sedatives
82
the most commonly used and widely abused psychoactive drug in the country. Street names/ slang
terms are Booze, Juice and Sauce. It is ingested orally.
Types include beer, wine, and liquor. Narconon provides
effective treatment for alcohol abuse
Alcohol
83
* Reduces sensitivity to pain.
* Narrows the visual field, reduces resistance to glare.
* Interferes with the ability to differentiate intensities of
light.
* Reduces ability to make decisions.
Effects of Alcohol Abuse
84
is the most frequently used illicit drug in America and has been linked to harming a developing fetus. It has the same or similar effects as depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.
Marijuana
85
* Increases in heart rate, body temperature, and appetite.
* Drowsiness
* Dryness of the mouth and throat
* Reddening of the eyes and reduction in ocular
pressure
Effects of Marijuana Abuse
86
is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly
affects the brain.
Cocaine
87
* Twitches, tremors, spasms, coordination problems.
* Respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest.
* May cause extreme anxiety and restlessness.
* Chest pain, nausea, seizures.
Effects of Cocaine Abuse
88
is second only to alcohol and marijuana as the drug used most frequently in many Western and Midwestern states. Seizures of dangerous laboratory materials have increased dramatically-in some states, fivefold.
Methamphetamine
89
* Increase wakefulness and physical activity.
* Decrease appetite.
* Interferes with the ability to differentiate intensities of
light.
* Reduces ability to make decisions.
Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse
90
is an illegal addictive drug. It is both the most
abused and the most rapidly acting of the Opiates.
Heroin
91
Surge of euphoria (“rush”) accompanied by a warm
flushing of the skin.
* Alternately wakeful and drowsy state
* Interferes with the ability to differentiate intensities of
light.
* Impaired night vision, vomiting, constipation.
Effects of Heroin Abuse
92
- Human intervention or actions to
- Reduce the sources or
- Enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) aimed at
reducing the extent of global warming. (IPCC- FAR)
Mitigation
93
- Improved supply and distribution efficiency
- Combined heat and power
- Renewable energy
Energy
94
- Hybrid vehicles
- Biofuels
- Shift to public mass transport systems
- Non-motorized transport
Transport
95
- More efficient electrical equipment
- Heat and power recovery
- Material recycling and substitution
Industry
96
- Improved crop and grazing land management to
increase soil carbon storage
- Improved livestock and manure management to reduce
CH4 emissions
- Avoid burning of agricultural wastes
Agriculture
97
- Reforestation
- Afforestation
- Forest management
- Reduced deforestation
- Use of forestry products for bioenergy to replace fossil
fuel use
Forestry Sector
98
- Landfill methane recovery
- Composting of organic waste
- Recycling and waste minimization
Waste Management
99
- Increase the resilience and coping capacity of the sector
taking into account current and future changes
Adaptation
100
- Rainwater harvesting
- Encourage adoption of new environment-friendly
technology for efficient water use and water conservation
Water Sector
101
- Crop diversification
- Change of crop or crop variety
- Crop insurance
Agriculture
102
- Sanitary practices
- Preventive care(e.g., vaccines)
- Information and awareness
- Health surveillance and monitoring
Health Sector
103
Disaster Risk Reduction
- Emergency preparedness
- Early warning system
- Evacuation plan
104
To be a pollutant, a material has to be potentially
harmful to life. A layer above the Earth’s surface
supports life it is known as troposphere.
Air Pollution
105
Air Pollution Some serious consequences are:
o Acid Rain
o Ozone Layer Depletion
o Photochemical Smog
o Greenhouse Effect
106
Littering is one of the main effects of land pollution
today.
Land Pollution
107
There is no such thing as naturally pure water. As water
flows into ground and filters through layers of soil and
rock in the ground, it dissolve and absorbs the substances that it touches, some of these substances
are harmless.
Water Pollution
108
Section 1. Short Title. – this Act shall be known as the
“Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.
109
– it is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall:
Section 2. Declaration of Policies
110
does not flow like water or gas. Examples include paper, wood, metals, and glass, plastic and contaminated soil.
solid waste
111
must be transported in containers or through pipes. Examples include sewage, contaminated ground water, and industrial liquid discharges.
Liquid wastes
112
They are primarily generated by combustion (e.g. internal combustion engines, incinerators, coal-fired electrical generating plants) and industrial processes.
Gaseous wastes
113
pose a substantial present or potential danger to human health or the environment. They can be solid, sludge, liquid, or gas.
Hazardous wastes
114
emit particles or electromagnetic radiation (e.g. alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays).
Radioactive wastes
115
that is, wastes generated at medical facilities, can be infectious, toxic, and/or radioactive. Though they may have hazardous characteristics, they are not regulated as hazardous wastes.
Medical wastes
116
Ways to Prevent Air Pollution
* Car Pool
* Vehicle Care
* Public Transport
* Alternative Energy Source
* Saving Energy
* Minimize Air Pollutants:
117
is the federal law designed to make sure that all Americans have air that is safe to breath. Public Health Protection is the primary goal, though the law also seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by air pollution.
Clean Air Act
