NUCLEIC ACID CENTRAL DOGMA

Question 1

Characteristics of Replication

Answer 1

Semiconservative
Bidirectional
Semidiscontinuous
High Fidelity

Question 2

Replication is

Answer 2

DNA - DNA synthesis

Question 3

Replication occurs during the

Answer 3

S-Phase

Question 4

Replication requirements

Answer 4

Template (both strands of DNA)
RNA PRimers
Nucleotide monomers (dNTPs)
Enzyme

Question 5

Replication steps

Answer 5

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 6

Identify what step of Replication:

Recognition of replication sites

Answer 6

Initiation

Question 7

Identify what step of Replication:

DNA helicase unwinds the double helix

Answer 7

Initiation

Question 8

Identify what step of Replication:

Replication fork is stabilized

Answer 8

Initiation

Question 9

Use of SSBPs (single-stranded binding proteins)

Answer 9

Initiation

Question 10

Identify what step of Replication:

Adding of nucleotides to the daughter strands

Answer 10

Elongation

Question 11

What step in replication uses DNA polymerase

Answer 11

Elongation

Question 12

Identify what step of Replication:

Primase adds an RNA primer
Pol-delta/Pol-epsilon elongates the new strands by adding nucleotides

Answer 12

Elongation

Question 13

Identify what step of Replication:

Removal of RNA primers and replacement w/ DNA

Answer 13

Termination

Question 14

Identify what step of Replication:

Joining of okazaki fragments by DNA ligase

Answer 14

Termination

Question 15

Leading strand

Answer 15

synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 16

Lagging strand

Answer 16

synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 17

Characteristics of Transcription

Answer 17

Unidirectional
Lower fidelity

Question 18

Transcription is

Answer 18

DNA - RNA synthesis

Question 19

Occurs by demand/Isa-isa

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

Requirements of Transcription

Answer 20

Template strand
RNA POlymerase
Nucleotide monomers (NTPs)

Question 21

Transcription steps

Answer 21

Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Post-transcriptional processing

Question 22

Identify what step of Transcription:

RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region

Answer 22

Initiation

Question 23

Identify what step of Transcription:

Prepares the mRNA transcript for the cystosolic environment

Answer 23

Post-transcriptional processing

Question 24

To avoid hazardous post-transcriptional processing you could do

Answer 24

5’ capping
3’ polyadenylation
Splicing

Question 25

Features of Translation

Answer 25

Universality Degeneracy Specificity Non-overlapping

Question 26

Translation is

Answer 26

RNA - PROTEIN synthesis

Question 27

Translation takes place in the

Answer 27

Ribosome

Question 28

Translation steps

Answer 28

Activation of tRNA Initiation Elongation Termination Post-translational modification

Question 29

Sites of the large subunit (Elongation)

Answer 29

A (acceptor) P (peptidyl transferase) E (exit)

Question 30

Site of large subunit where new tRNA enters

Answer 30

A (acceptor)

Question 31

Site of large subunit where peptide bonds are

Answer 31

P (peptidyl transferase)

Question 32

Site of large subunit where tRNA (no AA) exist

Answer 32

E (exit)

Question 33

A change in the base sequence of DNA

Answer 33

Mutation

Question 34

Alteration of amino acids/base

Answer 34

Frameshift mutation

Question 35

Due to insertion or deletion

Answer 35

Frameshift mutation

Question 36

Substitution of bases resulting in a nonsense codon

Answer 36

Nonsence mutation

Question 37

Occurs when the codon containing the change base may become a termination codon

Answer 37

Nonsence mutation

Question 38

Substitution of bases in an amino acid substitution in a synthesized protein

Answer 38

Missense Transition

Question 39

Codes different amino acids

Answer 39

Missense Transition

Question 40

GCU - GAU (alanine to aspartate)

Answer 40

Missense Transition

Question 41

Occur in the absence of any mutation-causing agent

Answer 41

Spontaneous

Question 43

Codes the same amino acid

Answer 43

Silent transversion

Question 44

GCU - GCC - alanine UCA - UCU - serine

Answer 44

Silent transversion

Question 45

Base substitution caused by tautomeric base-mispairs

Answer 45

Point mutation

Question 46

Most mutable in point mutations (due to ease of tautomerization)

Answer 46

Cytosine

Question 47

Point Mutations

Answer 47

Tranversional Mutation Transitional Mutation Insertion Deletion

Question 48

DNA mutation occurs when a purine replaces pyrimidine, or vice versa

Answer 48

Tranversional Mutation

Question 49

Purine replaces purine

Answer 49

Transitional mutation

Question 50

Polycistronic

Answer 50

Prokaryotes

Question 51

1 gene = may encode several protein

Answer 51

Prokaryotes

Question 52

1 gene = 1 protein

Answer 52

Eukaryotes

Question 53

Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase

Answer 53

Rifampicin

Question 54

Recognition site for 30s sequence

Answer 54

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Question 55

The ability of certain anticodon to pair w/ codons that differ at the third base

Answer 55

Wobble

Question 56

Concept by which a tRNA can recognize more than one codon for a specific amino acid by allowing movement in the first base of the anticodon

Answer 56

Wobble hypothesis

Question 57

Intercalate w/ the minor groove of the double helix

Answer 57

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D)

Question 58

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D) inhibit what central dogma?

Answer 58

Transcription

Question 59

Intercalate w/ DNA & causes frameshift mutation

Answer 59

Benzopyrene