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Bio 181 > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

The two classes of nucleic acids are __ and __.

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

What macromolecule is used for the storage of genetic information in cells?

A

DNA

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3
Q

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

What are the three basic components of a nucleotide?

A

sugar

base

phosphate group

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5
Q

Bases found in nucleotides consist of a double or single ring of __ and __ atoms.

A

carbon, nitrogen

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6
Q

Identify the two major classes of nucleic acids.

A

DNA and RNA

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7
Q

The two purine bases in DNA are __ and __.

A

adenine and guanine

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8
Q

__ is used by the cell to store genetic information, while __ is involved in decoding this genetic information.

A

DNA and RNA

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9
Q

What four bases are found in DNA?

A

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

Adenine

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10
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids are monomers called __.

A

nucleotides

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11
Q

Where are the sugar phosphate groups and the bases found in the double helix?

A

The sugar phosphate backbone faces the outside of the double helix while the bases pair in the middle.

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12
Q

The three basic components of a nucleotide are a(n) pentose __, a(n) __ group, and a(n) __.

A

sugar, phosphate, base

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13
Q

What are the major components of the bases in a nucleotide?

A

single or double carbon ring

nitrogen

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14
Q

Which of the following are pyrimidine bases found in DNA?

A

Thymine

Cytosine

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15
Q

The structure of a DNA molecule is best described as a(n):

A

double helix

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16
Q

The four bases present in DNA are __, __, __, and __. (NO abbreviations please)

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, Adenine

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17
Q

Two strands of DNA are bound together by __ bonds to form the double helix.

A

hydrogen

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18
Q

The backbone of a DNA or RNA strand is made of alternating __ and __ molecules.

A

sugar, phosphate

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19
Q

What are the three basic components of a nucleotide?

A

base

sugar

phosphate group

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20
Q

During proper base pairing in DNA, adenine pairs with __ and cytosine pairs with __. (No abbreviations please)

A

thymine, guanine

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21
Q

A DNA molecule consists of two strands coiled around each other to form a structure called a(n) __.

A

double helix

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22
Q

The sugar found in ribonucleotides of RNA is __.

A

ribose

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23
Q

What type of bond is responsible for the base pairing between two strands of DNA in the double helix?

A

Hydrogen

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24
Q

RNA contains which of the following?

  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Ribose
  • Thymine
  • Deoxyribose
A
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Ribose
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25
True or false: Only purines are found in DNA, and only pyrimidines are found in RNA.
False
26
What base pairs are found in DNA?
Adenine-thymine Cytosine-guanine
27
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA contains the base __ and does not contain the base __.
uracil, thymine
28
What type of sugar is found in RNA molecules?
Ribose
29
For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must meet the following key criteria: information, __, __, and __.
replication, transmission, variance
30
Which of the following descriptions apply typically to DNA? - Stores genetic information in cells - Contains adenine and guanine - Single-stranded - Contains deoxyribose - Contains cytosine and uracil
Stores genetic information in cells Contains adenine and guanine Contains deoxyribose
31
The cell structure that contains DNA is the
chromosome
32
The nucleotide subunits of DNA and RNA contain nitrogenous bases. The pyrimidine base __ is found only in DNA, while the pyrimidine base __ is found only in RNA.
thymine, uracil
33
Which are nucleic acids? - RNA - DNA - Purines - Pyrimidines
RNA DNA
34
What four bases are found in RNA?
Cytosine Adenine Guanine Uracil
35
In order for the genetic material to fulfill its role in cells, it must meet which of the following criteria? - diversity - information - continuity - replication - variation - transmission
information replication variation transmission
36
DNA and RNA are called nucleic acids because they release __+ ions in solution and have a net __ charge at neutral pH.
hydrogen, negative
37
A chromosome is composed of two macromolecules. Which ones?
DNA protein
38
Rank the five levels of structural features of DNA. Start at the top with the most complex (or largest), and end at the bottom with the least complex (or smallest).
1. genome 2. chromosome 3. double helix 4. DNA strand 5. nucleotide
39
A strand of DNA or RNA is composed of a linear array of nucleotides held together by __ bonds.
covalent
40
Nucleic acids are named such because they
release H+ in solutions
41
The interaction of two strands of DNA via hydrogen bonds results in a structure called the
double helix
42
Nucleotides are linked together by phosphoester bonds -- between phosphorus and
oxygen
43
Of the following structural features of DNA, which has the highest level of complexity?
genome
44
In a DNA strand, adjacent nucleotides are held together by covalent bonds known as __ bonds.
phosphoester
45
The nucleotides of a single DNA or RNA strand are linked by:
covalent bonds
46
The 5 prime end of a DNA strand has a __ group, and the 3 prime end has a __ group.
P (phosphate), -OH (hydroxyl)
47
The level of DNA structure that resembles a spiral staircase is the
double helix
48
Directionality refers to the orientation of
sugar molecules in a DNA strand
49
In a DNA chain, adjacent nucleotides are linked via a bond between
a sugar molecule in one and a phosphate group in the other
50
In a DNA double helix, adenine and thymine on opposite strands are connected to each other via __ hydrogen bonds.
2
51
The nucleotides in the backbone of the DNA strand are held together by what type of bond?
Phosphodiester
52
Guanine forms __ hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
3
53
A linear DNA strand contains two ends: the 5 prime end has a free _______ group, while the 3 prime end has a free _______ group.
P ; OH
54
A segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATGCTT-3'. The complementary sequence would be
3'-TACGAA-5'
55
The orientation of sugar molecules within a DNA strand is referred to as __.
directionality
56
The pairing of C with G exemplifies the definition of
complementarity
57
Which bases are connected by two hydrogen bonds?
adenine and thymine
58
A single turn of the double helix consists of __ base pairs.
10
59
In a DNA double helix, cytosine is paired with
guanine by three hydrogen bonds.
60
Which bases are paired properly?
C-G A-T
61
In a DNA double helix, one strand runs in one direction, while the other is upside down relative to the first one. This characteristic describes the __ nature of the two strands.
antiparallel
62
If a strand of DNA has a T nucleotide, the complementary strand will have which nucleotide paired with the T?
A
63
The term used to describe two DNA strands that run in opposite directions from each other is
antiparallel
64
The ability to predict the DNA sequence in one strand based on the sequence of another strand is referred to as
complementarity
65
How many base pairs make up one turn of the double helix?
10
66
The DNA double helix consists of the __ groove and the __ groove.
major, minor
67
Which end of one strand of DNA within a double helix is next to the 5' end of the other strand within that helix?
The 3' end
68
Two DNA strands in a double helix that run in opposite directions from one another are said to be __.
antiparallel
69
The pairing of C with G exemplifies the definition of
complementarity
70
The two types of grooves seen in the double helix are the
major and minor

Bio 181 (18 decks)

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