Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 2

Central Dogma of Biology:

Answer 2

DNA us the “code” of life that determines the protein sequence which is the “stuff” of life.

Question 3

Nucleic acids= Polymers
Nucleotides=?

Answer 3

Monomers

Question 4

What are the three parts of nucleotides (monomers)?

Answer 4

1.) Nitrogenous bases (C-N ring)
- A with T, C with G, In DNA
- A, U, C, G, In RNA
2.) Pentose Sugar (5C)
- Ribose in RNA
- Deoxyribose in DNA (1 fewer oxygen)
3.) Phosphate (PO4) group

Question 5

What charge do DNA and RNA give?

Answer 5

Negatively Charges
- Dont cross membranes
- Contain DNA within the nucleus
- Need help transporting RNA across the nuclear envelope.
- Used in gel electrophoresis.

Question 6

What are the 2 types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 6

1.) Purines
- x2 ring N base
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
2.) Pyrimidines
- x1 ring N base
- Cytosine (C)
- Thymine in DNA
- Uracil in RNA

Question 7

DNA molecule

Answer 7

• Double Helix
  
  • H bonds between bases joining the 2 strands
    - A with T
    - C with G

Question 8

RNA molecule

Answer 8

Single Stranded

Question 9

What is the Chargaff’s Rules?

Answer 9

The ratios of adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine are equal.

Question 10

What joins the two nucleotides with each other?

Answer 10

Hydrogen Bonding
- A: T= 2H bonds
- G: C= 3H bonds

Question 11

What is replication in copying DNA?

Answer 11

• 2 strands of DNA helix are complementary
  - have one, can build other
  - Each strand= 5acgiccg-3

Question 12

When does a cell copy DNA?

Answer 12

• Cell reproduction (Mitosis)
• Gamete Production (Meiosis

Question 13

Who won the Nobel Prize in 1962?

Answer 13

Watson, Crick, Wilkins