Nucleic acids

Question 1

What does adenine bond with?

Answer 1

thymine

Question 2

What does guanine bond with?

Answer 2

cytosine

Question 3

What causes the complimentary base pairings?

Answer 3

size of the nucleotides

hydrogen bonding between bases

Question 4

What does the number of purines equal?

Answer 4

number of pyrimidines

Question 5

What are purines?

Answer 5

adenine

guanine

Question 6

How many rings so purines have?

Answer 6

double ringed

Question 7

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

thymine

cytosine

Question 8

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

Answer 8

single ring

Question 9

When does the replication of DNA occur?

Answer 9

S phase of cell cycle interphase

Question 10

How does DNA replicate?

Answer 10

-The enzyme helicase unzips the DNA (breaks hydrogen bonds)
-SSB (single stranded binging) proteins bind to DNA strands
- DNA polymerase (an enzyme) makes new DNA from deoxyribonucleotides
-Primase makes the primer that tells polymerase where to work
Ligase repairs any breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone

Question 11

What direction can DNA polymerase work?

Answer 11

5’ (prime) to 3’ (prime)

Question 12

What is the strand that goes in the 5’ to 3’ direction called?

Answer 12

Leading strand

Question 13

What is the strand that goes from 3’ to 5’ called?

Answer 13

lagging strand

Question 14

Why is the lagging strand slow?

Answer 14

Because polymers has to put down more primers

Question 15

What are Okazaki fragments?

Answer 15

Fragments of synthesized DNA on lagging strand

Question 16

What are primers made of?

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

Why is DNA replication known as semi-conservetive?

Answer 17

Because each new DNA contains one old strand and one new one

Question 18

What is a gene?

Answer 18

The segment of DNA that specifies a specific amino acid sequence

Question 19

How is a gene stored?

Answer 19

in the form of a nucleotide acid

Question 20

What does a difference in base sequence cause?

Answer 20

A difference in protein structure

Question 21

How do genes control protein synthesis?

Answer 21

Not directly

first pass genetic information to RNA

Question 22

How many types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

What are RNA’s 4 possible nitrogen bases?

Answer 23

adenine
guanine
cytosine
uracil

Question 24

What does adenine pair with in RNA

Answer 24

uracil

Question 25

What is RNA composed of?

Answer 25

phosphate sugar-ribose nitogen base

Question 26

What are the 3 major classes of RNA

Answer 26

mRNA rRNA tRNA

Question 27

What does mRNA do?

Answer 27

carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 28

What does rRNA do?

Answer 28

Site of protein assembly

Question 29

What composed ribosomes?

Answer 29

rRna

Question 30

What happens in transcription?

Answer 30

RNA polymerase connects complimentary RNA bases to the DNA to form mRNA

Question 31

What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 31

Transcription | Translation

Question 32

Where does transcription takes place?

Answer 32

Nucleus (because that's where DNA is)

Question 33

What happens to mRNA after it is formed?

Answer 33

Leaves the nucleus | goes through the cytoplasms where it attaches to a ribosome

Question 34

What do tRNAs hold

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

What is the monomer for a protein?

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

What controls what tRNAs (and therefore what amino acids are transferred) come to the ribosome

Answer 36

mRNA

Question 37

What are tRNA's looking for

Answer 37

complimentary bases on mRNA

Question 38

What happened when tRNA find a complimentary base pairing on the mRNA

Answer 38

It transfers the amino acids`

Question 39

What is a codon

Answer 39

A sequence of 3 nucleotides which form a unit of genetic code

Question 40

What contains an anti-codon?

Answer 40

tRNA

Question 41

What are the steps of translation?

Answer 41

Chain initiation chain elongation chain termination

Question 42

What are the causes of gene mutation?

Answer 42

errors in replication mutagens transposons

Question 43

What are mutagens?

Answer 43

environmental influences

Question 44

What are transposons?

Answer 44

genes that move to a new location and disrupt sequences

Question 45

What is DNA's function in the cell

Answer 45

control cell activities

Question 46

What is RNA's function in the cell?

Answer 46

Facilitates protein synthesis

Question 47

What is recombinant DNA (rDNA)?

Answer 47

When DNA from more than one source is isolated and recombined