Numbers of things (topics 1-6)

Question 1

Four extrinsic tongue muscles:

Answer 1

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

Question 2

Four intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 2

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

transverse and vertical

Question 3

Three regions of the pharynx

Answer 3

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Question 5

Three constrictor muscles of the pharynx:

Answer 5

superior

middle

inferior

Question 6

Two faucial pillars (and their underlying muscles):

Answer 6

anterior faucial pillar = palatalglossus,

post faucial pillar = palatopharyngeus

Question 7

Five muscles of the soft palate:

Answer 7

1. Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing.
2. Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing.
3. Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing.
4. Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing.
5. Uvular, which moves the uvula.

Question 9

Three paired cartilages of the larynx.

Answer 9

Arytenoid, corniculate, cunieform.

Four if you include triticial.

Question 11

Seven mobile articulators:

Answer 11

larynx, pharynx, mandible, lips, tongue, cheeks, velum.

Question 15

Three common vocal registers:

Answer 15

modal (normal), fry (fake sick), falsetto (singing)

Question 17

One bone not attached to any other bone:

Answer 17

Hyoid

Question 18

Five major branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Answer 18

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Marginal Mandibular

Cervical

Question 19

Three unpaired cartilages of the larynx:

Answer 19

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottus

Question 20

Four suprahyoid muscles:

Answer 20

Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid

Question 21

Four infrahyoid muscles:

Answer 21

Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid

Question 22

Two branches of the vagus (X) nerve supplying the larynx:

Answer 22

Recurrant laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve

Question 23

Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles (or six, depending on how you count them)

Answer 23

Cricothyroid muscle lengthen and tense the vocal folds.

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal folds.

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression.

Transverse arytenoid muscle adduct the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in adducted vocal folds.[2]

Oblique arytenoid muscles narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages.

Thyroarytenoid – this muscle runs the length of the vocal folds, connecting to the internal anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages. It has two components, the thyrovocalis (medial component) and thyromuscularis (lateral component). These muscles can tense or relax the vocal folds, affecting pitch during phonation (tension caused by thyrovocalis increases pitch, relaxation caused by thyromuscularis decreases pitch).

Question 24

Two immobile articulators

Answer 24

Teeth, hard palate.

Question 25

Two muscles involved in the control of vocal pitch

Answer 25

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid

Question 26

Eleven muscles of facial expression (listed in your module booklet)

Answer 26

Obicularis Oris,

Rissorius,

Buccinator,

Depressor anguli oris,

Depressor labii inferioris,

mentalis,

platysma,

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,

levitor labii superioris.

Zygomatic minor, Zygomatic major

(12 if you count levitor anguli oris)

Question 27

Six key aspects or parts of the mandible:

Answer 27

condyle, coronoid, notch, angle, ramus, body

Question 28

Four muscles of mastication:

Answer 28

(mass, temp, lat & med ptery)

Question 30

Four paranasal sinuses

Answer 30

frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 31

Three types of vocal attack

Answer 31

breathy, glottal, simultaneous

Question 32

Five possible movements at the TMJ:

Answer 32

depression, elevation ,deviation ,protraction, retraction

Question 34

Three salivary glands

Answer 34

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 35

Five cranial nerves involved in innervation of the tongue in some way:

Answer 35

## Footnote V **(5)** Trigeminal (*Facial muscles incl. chewing; Facial sensations)* VII **(7)** Facial *(Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)* IX**(9)** Glossopharyngeal (*Swallowing, saliva, taste)* XII (**12**) Hypoglossal (*Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)* plus pharyngeal plexus

Question 36

Three stages of phonation:

Answer 36

onset (adduction), sustained, termination (abduction)

Question 38

Three muscles that elevate the pharynx

Answer 38

(salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, palatoglossus)

Question 41

Four phases of swallowing

Answer 41

= oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, oesophag

Question 42

Two pterygoid muscles:

Answer 42

lateral and medial

Question 43

Two key divisions of the tongue for innervation purposes (not counting motor) –

Answer 43

ant 2/3 and post 1/3

Question 44

Eight bones of the cranium:

Answer 44

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal

Question 45

Fourteen bones of the facial skeleton:

Answer 45

mandible, vomer, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 maxillary, 2 zygo, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae

Question 46

Two types of joints in the skull:

Answer 46

(synovial, suture)

Question 47

Four key parts of a rib:

Answer 47

head, tubercle, angle, body

Question 48

Twelve cranial nerves:

Answer 48

OOO TTAF VGVAH

Question 49

Three sets of tonsils

Answer 49

lingual, palatine and pharyngeal

Question 50

Two types of pleurae

Answer 50

(visceral, parietal)

Question 51

Three cranial nerves making up the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 51

(Glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, Accessory XI)

Question 52

Two types of sensory information from the tongue:

Answer 52

taste and general

Question 53

Six joints of the thoracic wall (if you count the intervertebral discs):

Answer 53

costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, costochondral, interchondral.

Question 54

Three movements of the thoracic wall:

Answer 54

vertical, Anterior-Posterior, mediolateral.

Question 55

Eight key muscles of the thoracic wall concerned with respiration (module booklet):

Answer 55

1. Diaphragm 2. External Intercostal 3. Internal Intercostal 4. Sternocleidomastoid 5. Scalenes 6. Serratus Posterior Superior 7. Serratus Posterior Inferior 8. Pectoral girdle muscles

Question 56

The two main joints in the larynx:

Answer 56

cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid

Question 59

Four _major branches_ of the **external carotid artery**, that supply structures in the face/head we are concerned with in this subject. (And can you name a structure that each branch supplies?)

Answer 59

* **Lingual** artery – supplies the tongue and associated structures; * **Facial** artery – supplies the muscles and skin of the face; * **Maxillary** artery – supplies the temporomandibular joint and associated structures; and * **Superficial temporal** artery – supplies skin and superficial structures of the cranium.

Question 60

Ten key foramina of the skull we are concerned with in this subject:

Answer 60

* Foramen magnum * Carotid canal * External acoustic (auditory) meatus * Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus * Foramen ovale * Foramen rotundum * Stylomastoid foramen * Jugular foramen * Superior orbital fissure * Hypoglossal canal.

Question 61

Which lung has 3 lobes and which one has 2? Name the lobes for each.

Answer 61

R = superior, middle, inferior lobes. L = superior, inferior

Question 63

Three types of ribs:

Answer 63

true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11-12)

Question 64

Seven muscles (or sets of) that can be involved in inspiration:

Answer 64

1. **diaphram** primarily, 2. **external intercostal** muscles (increase transverse and anterior/posterior thoracic dimensions); 3. **scalenes** (increase vertical thoracic dimension); 4. **levator costarum**; 5. **serratus posterior superior**; 6. **sternocleidomastoid** 7. **pectoral girdle** muscles (upper limb muscles)

Question 65

Three (sets of) muscles involved in forced expiration:

Answer 65

* **internal intercostal muscles** depress the ribs and decrease all thoracic dimensions; * **anterior abdominal wall muscles**: increase intra-abdominal pressure and decrease vertical dimension of the thorax; and * **serratus posterior inferior:** depress the ribs.