NUR 363 Quiz week 9 (Sampling and data collection)

Question 1

Briefly define:

Population

Answer 1

Well defined group with specified characters

Question 2

Briefly define:

Sample

Answer 2

Subset of the overall populations

Question 3

Briefly define:

Sampling unit

Answer 3

List of population element / individuals

Question 4

Briefly define:

Element

Answer 4

Most basic unit - individual unit

Question 5

Briefly define:

Convenience sample

Answer 5

Uses most readily available subjects

Question 6

Briefly define:

Snowball sampling

Answer 6

Use of contacts of participants involved (social network)

Question 7

Briefly define:

Purposive sampling

Answer 7

Handpicked cases - intentional selection

Question 8

Briefly define:

Quota sampling

Answer 8

Used to access different subgroups of population

Question 9

Briefly define:

Simple random sampling

Answer 9

All population elements identified

Question 10

Briefly define:

Stratified random sampling

Answer 10

Population divided into homogeneous subjects

Question 11

Why are eligibility criteria so important?

Answer 11

Enables generalization of feelings

Question 12

What is/are the main purpose(s) of sampling?

Answer 12

To minimize bias and increase representation

Question 13

Name the two major headings under which sampling falls

Answer 13

1. Probability

2. Non-probability

Question 14

What are the advantages of random sampling?

Answer 14

No research bias

Maximizes represenataion

Question 15

What is the aim of stratified random sampling?

Answer 15

Increases representation

Question 16

Name and briefly describe two other types of probability sampling

Answer 16

1. Systematic sampling -
   Selection of members of a population at fixed intervals
   eg. every 100th case on the list
2. Cluster sampling -
   Random sampling of units/clusters

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of non-probability sampling?

Answer 17

• Every member of population does NOT have equal chance
• Less rigorous than probability sampling
• Limits generalization

Question 18

List three major types of non-probability sampling.

Answer 18

1. Theoretical
2. Snowball
3. Convenience

Question 19

Briefly describe…
Theoretical
Snowball
Convenience

Answer 19

Theoretical - usually in grounded theory studies, goes from small to large

Snowball - Useful for accessing diversity of experience

Convenience - Uses most readily avialable subjects common in clinical research

Question 20

Name four qualitative data collection methods

Answer 20

1. Interviews
2. Journal entries / written data
3. Observation (generally participant)
4. Examination of documents

Question 21

State two ways in which error can be introduced into qualitative research

Answer 21

1. From the measurement process itself

2. From the quality of the measure, readability and validity

Question 22

How is rigor assured in qualitative research?

Answer 22

• Researcher competence
• Transparency of research process (via audit trail)
• Congruence between philosophical and methodological approaches for the study

Question 23

List four quantitative data collection methods

Answer 23

1. Physiological/laboratory based
2. Observational
3. Questions and self report scales - questionnaires
4. Interviews

Question 24

State two general areas for error in quantitative research

Answer 24

1. Reliability

2. Validity

Question 25

Define reliability and validity in relation to measurement error

Answer 25

Readability - Consistency in the measurement

Validity - extent to which it measures that which it purports to measure
measure what we actually thinks it’s measures