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Pharmacology > Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration > Flashcards

Nursing Process and Client Teaching and Principles of Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

The desired, therapeutic effects of the drug

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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2
Q

The changes that occur to the drug while it is inside the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

The effects of the drug on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

Conditions under which the drug should not be used or must be used carefully with monitoring

A

Contraindications and Precautions

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5
Q

Unintended and usually undesired effects that may occur with use of the drug.

A

Adverse Effects

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6
Q

Effects that may occur when the drug is given along with another drug, food, or substance

A

Drug Interactions

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7
Q

The presence of disease, illness, and allergy; chronic conditions causing system or organ dysfunction; diminished memory and mental capacity.

A

Health Status

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8
Q

Age, physiologic development, reproductive stage, and gender.

A

Life Span and Gender

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9
Q

Amount of activity and exercise, sleep-wake patterns; occupation; financial resources or access to health insurance coverage; eating preferences and patterns; use or abuse of substances; use of OTC drugs; use of alternative health practices; and ability to read & write.

A

Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits

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10
Q

Location in which the drug will be administered, such as hospital, home, or long-term care facility; properties of the physical environment that may alters a drug’s action or effect, induce adverse effects from a drug, or set limitations on whether the drug may be administered in that setting; and exposure to potentially harmful substances.

A

Environment

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11
Q

Religious, social, and ethnic backgrounds that may affect the individual’s receptiveness to drug therapy; also, genetic traits that affect a drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties.

A

Culture and Inherited Traits

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12
Q

NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY

A
  • Maximizing therapeutic effect
  • Minimizing adverse effects
  • Providing patient and family education
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13
Q

CORE DRUG KNOWLEDGE

A
  • Pharmacotherapeutics
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Contraindications and precautions
  • Adverse effects
  • Drug interactions
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14
Q

CORE PATIENT KNOWLEDGE

A
  • Health status
  • Life span and gender
  • Lifestyle, diet, and habits
  • Environment
  • Culture and inherited traits
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15
Q

are assigned using standard nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

A

CHEMICAL NAMES

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16
Q

describes the chemical substance or pharmacological property of a drug

A

GENERIC NAME

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17
Q

is the proper name of the drug ingredient or the common name if the ingredient has no proper name

A

GENERIC NAME

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18
Q

is assigned by the company marketing the drug. The name is usually selected to be short and easy to remember.

A

TRADE NAME

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19
Q

inhibiting blood clotting

A

anticoagulants

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20
Q

lowering blood cholesterol

A

antihyperlipidemics

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21
Q

lowering blood pressure

A

antihypertensives

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22
Q

restoring normal cardiac rhythm

A

antidysrhythmics

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23
Q

treating angina

A

antianginals

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24
Q

The 10 Rights

A

The Right Client
The Right Drug
The Right Dose
The Right Time
The Right Route
The Right Assessment
The Right Documentation
The Client’s Right to Education
The Right Evaluation
The Client’s Right to Refuse

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25
The Right Client TWO WAYS TO CHECK:
Checking the client’s identification bracelet. Having the client state her or his name.
26
The Right Drug - Prescriptions may be written on a ____________________ and filled by a pharmacist at a drug store or hospital pharmacy. - For institutionalized clients, the drug orders may be written on “____________________” and signed by the duly authorized person.
prescription pad; order sheets
27
The Right Drug - A ____________________ or ________________ for medication must be __________ by the prescribing health care provider within 24 hours. - The use of ___________________ has added speed and a safety feature to the order process.
telephone order (TO); verbal order (VO); cosigned; computerized order systems
28
The components of a drug order:
1. Date and time the order is written 2. Drug name (generic preferred) 3. Drug dosage 4. Route of administration 5.Frequency and duration of administration 6. Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage based on nursing assessment, drug effectiveness, or laboratory results. 7. Physician or other health care provider’s signature or name if TO or VO 8. Signature if licensed practitioners taking TO or VO
29
Steps to do if any one of the components is missing: - The drug _______________ be administered. - ________________ of the order must be done in a timely manner. - The health care provider is usually ______________ and the conversation content documented.
should not; Clarification; contacted
30
To Avoid Drug Error Drug label should be read three (3) times:
1. At the time of contact with the drug bottle or container. 2. Before pouring the drug 3. After pouring the drug
31
Four Categories of Drug Orders:
1.Standing 2.One-Time (Single) 3.PRN (as needed) 4.STAT (at once or now)
32
Drugs are stored on unit and dispensed to all clients from the same container.
STOCK METHOD
33
Drugs are packaged in doses for 24 hour by the pharmacy
UNIT DOSE METHOD
34
When the drug has a ________________ (t1/2), the drug is given once a day. Drugs with a short half-life are given several times a day at specified intervals
long half-life
35
once a day
OD
36
twice a day
BID
37
three times a day
TID
38
four times a day
QID
39
every four hours
Q4H
40
every six hours
Q6H
41
every eight hours
Q8H
42
at bedtime / hours of sleep
HS
43
has the advantages of reducing administration errors and decreasing documentation.
Use of Military Time
44
Use ____________technique when administering drugs. ___________ technique is required with the parenteral routes.
aseptic; Sterile
45
Common routes:
Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, Inhalation, Instillation, Suppository and Parenteral (Intradermal (ID), Subcutaneous (SQ or subQ), Intramuscular (IM/IG) and Intravenous (IV).
46
The Right Documentation Requires that the nurse immediately record the appropriate information about the drug administered. This includes:
- name of the drug - the dose - the route - the time and date - the nurse’s initial or signature
47
Documentation of the client’s response to the medication is required with a variety of medications, such as:
- Narcotics - Non-narcotic analgesics - Sedatives - Antiemetics - Unexpected reactions to the medication
48
before meals
ac
49
ad lib
as desired/directed
50
morning
AM
51
capsule
cap
52
per day
/d
53
every day
qd
54
every hour
qh
55
qhs
bedtime (every night)
56
qod
every other day
57
pc
after meals/after eating
58
PM
afternoon
59
PO
by mouth/orally
60
PRN or prn
when needed/necessary
61
Rx
take
62
STAT
immediately; at once
63
tab
tablet
64
6 Nurses’ Rights When Administering Medications
- Right to a complete and clear order - Right to have the correct drug, route, and dose dispensed - Right to have access to information - Right to have policies to guide safe medication administration - Right to administer medications safely and to identify problems in the system - Right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medications
65
Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or harm to a patient
Medication Error
66
Medication errors may occur throughout the cycle:
39% - Ordering 12% - Transcribing 11% - Preparing 38% - Administering
67
Medication Error Other contributing factors:
Violation of “10” rights Lack of drug knowledge Memory lapses Transcription Dispensing Delivery problems Inadequate monitoring Distractions Staff being overworked Lack of standardization Confusing packaging prescription Equipment failures Inadequate client history Poor interdepartmental communication
68
Culture of Safety include:
- Use drug references (MIMS, PDR, Drug Guide). - Contact the health care provider; do not guess about the order. - Double-check all calculated doses. - Use leading zero; do not use trailing zero. - Scan bar code at the point-of-care. - Avoid verbal orders; if you must take them, repeat outloud to confirm.
69
Controlled studies in humans show no risk to the fetus.
Category A
70
No controlled studies have been conducted in humans; animal studies show no risk to the fetus
Category B
71
No controlled studies have been conducted in animals or humans.
Category C
72
Evidence of human risk to the fetus exists; however, benefits may outweigh risks in certain situations
Category D
73
Controlled studies in both animals and humans demonstrate fetal abnormalities; the risk in pregnant women outweighs any possible benefit.
Category X
74
When the drug has a long half-life (t1/2), the drug is given _____________. Drugs with a short half-life are given ____________________ at specified intervals
once a day; several times a day
75
Is the time at which the prescribed dose should be administered
The Right Time
76
Administer drugs at the specified times. Drugs may be given _______________________ the time prescribed if the administration interval is ______________________
30 minutes before or after; more than 2 hours
77
Antibiotics should be administered at ______________________ throughout a 24-hour period so therapeutic blood levels are maintained
even intervals
78
Is necessary for adequate or appropriate absorption
The Right Route
79
Assess the client’s ____________________ before the administration of oral medications.
ability to swallow
80
Requires the appropriate data be collected before administration of the drug (e.g. Vital Signs, CBG)
The Right Assessment
81
Requires that the nurse immediately record the appropriate information about the drug administered
The Right Documentation
82
Requires that the client receive accurate and thorough information about the medication and how it relates to his or her particular situation.
The Right to Education
83
This right is a principle of INFORMED CONSENT, which based on the individual having the knowledge necessary to make a decision.
The Right to Education
84
Requires that the effectiveness of the medication be determined by the client’s response to the medication.
The Right Evaluation

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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