Nutraceuticals

Question 1

Nutraceutical definition

Answer 1

Food extract with potential beneficial physiologic effect or protection against chronic disease

Question 2

T/F: There are no label regulations regarding amount of active ingredients in nutraceuticals

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Describe what each do:
1. USP
2. NASC
3. Consumer Labs

Answer 3

1. Company that tests nutraceutical quality for human products
   - “United States Pharmacopia”
2. Volunteer group of manufacturers
   - Veterinary testing not transparent
3. Quality testing of product (not effectiveness or safety)
   - $20 subscription fee

Question 4

How many nutraceuticals pass testing for quality? Are they on par to human products?

Answer 4

25% of all products pass.
Animal supplements perform poorly compared to human products

Question 5

Chondroitin
1. What is it? (2)
2. Function

Answer 5

1. Base of cartilage formation
   - Carb in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
2. Protects against enzymatic damage to cartilage

Question 6

Chondroitin
1. What is it?
2. Function

Answer 6

1. Concentrated in synovial fluid
2. Stimulates production of new cartilage

Question 7

T/F: If chondroitin & glucosamine are effective as nutraceuticals, results are typically seen in 2-4 weeks

Answer 7

True

Question 8

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
1. What does it do? (3)
2. Side effects (3)

Answer 8

1. It does:
   - Reduces bone, hip, and joint inflammation.
   - Boosts immune system by increasing levels of glutathione.
   - Relieves muscle and joint pain
2. Effects
   - Upset stomach
   - Nausea
   - Diarrhea

Question 9

Probiotics
1. What are they?
2. Ability to work
3. Effectiveness in small animals and large animals

Answer 9

1. Living organisms that lead to beneficial balance of GI bacteria.
2. Difficult to feed so that they survive gastric acid.
3. Very beneficial in hindgut fermenters
   - Variable efficiency in cats & dogs

Question 10

T/F: Two weeks minimum is needed to see benefit of probiotics

Answer 10

False.
Likely no added benefits after using for more than two weeks at a time

Question 11

SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine)
1. What is it?
2. Effective with what?
3. Stored how?

Answer 11

1. Natural molecule found in most body tissues & fluids
2. Effective in mult types of liver disease
   - Participates in reactions of transmethylation.
3. Not stable in room air, degraded by stomach acid
   - Special preps needed for effectiveness

Question 12

Omega 3 FA potential uses (4)

Answer 12

1. Brain development support
2. Decrease inflammation associated with djd, allergic dermatitis, heart disease.
3. Brain cognition support
4. Ratio of omega 3: omega 6 is super important

Question 13

Important potential adverse effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation include (5)

Answer 13

1. Altered platelet function
2. GI adverse effects
3. Detrimental effects on wound healing
4. Lipid peroxidation
5. Potential for nutrient excess and toxin exposure, weight gain

Question 14

Nutraceuticals for anxiety (3)

Answer 14

1. L-theanine
2. Magnolia / Phellodendron
3. Whey protein concentrate

Question 15

Nutraceuticals for anxiety (3)
1. L-theanine
2. Magnolia / Phellodendron
3. Whey protein concentrate

Answer 15

1. AA found naturally in green tea. Directly stims the production of alpha brain waves, which create a state of deep relaxation, wakefulness, and mental awareness.
2. Combo of these appears to be synergistic, with the combo controlling stress and anxiety more effectively than either compound used alone.
3. Contains NMXSLQ05, a high-quality protein source which supplements ten essential AA including precursors of glutathione & serotonin.

Question 16

Hemp Oil Extracts
1. How much THC is toxic to dogs?
2. How much THC is in CBD oil?
3. What does this help with?

Answer 16

1. 30%
2. 0.3%
3. Helps with:
   - Anxiety & stress
   - Seizures
   - Pain
   - Digestive problems
   - Inflammation
   - Arthritis & joint pain

Question 17

Carnitine
1. What is it?
2. What does it help with? (2)

Answer 17

1. AA hat aids with nutrient transportation in the bloodstream and helps cells metabolize fat. It is found in high quantities in red meat and dairy products.
2. Inherited deficiency leading to DCM
   - Promote increase of muscle mass

Question 18

Coenzyme Q10, what is it?

Answer 18

Water insoluble, wax-like substance that is part of the respiratory chain. In our cells, it helps to generate energy from O2 in the form of ATP.
CoQ10 also exhibits activity as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant.

Question 19

Coenzyme Q10 use in vet med (2)

Answer 19

1. Treat heart disease of muscle failure
2. Some breeds have a known deficiency of carnitine and CoQ10

Question 20

Cartilage damage of Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) is caused by
a. Histamine
b. Aggrecanases
c. Glucosamine
d. Synovium

Answer 20

b. Aggrecanases

Question 21

When designing a diet/supplement for fighting inflammation (such as DJD)
a. Omega 3= Omega 6 levels
b. Omega 3>Omega 6 levels
c. Omega 3< Omega 6 levels
d. Omega 6 does not matter as long as high Omega 3 is present

Answer 21

b. Omega 3>Omega 6 levels

Question 22

What are the Key Nutritional Factors in a diet to manage DJD?
a. High EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid)
b. High carnitine
c. Added antioxidants
d. All of the above

Answer 22

d. All of the above

Question 23

T/F: Glucosamine and Chondroitin improve the quality of joint fluid

Answer 23

True

Question 24

List 3 non-surgical modalities for treating DJD

Answer 24

1. Environment modification
2. Weight loss
3. Low impact/therapeutic exercises