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Pharmacology 2100 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

A

imbalance of protective (mucous and bicarbonate) vs. aggravating factors (pepsin and gastric acid)

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2
Q

Sxs of PUD?

A

Bleeding
Perforation
Penetration
GI obstruction

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3
Q

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

A

stomach acids entering esophagus (usually from relaxed lower esophageal sphincter

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4
Q

Risk factors of GERD?

A

caffeine
alcohol
acidic foods
carbonation
pregnancy
obesity
smoking
nitrates
benzos
anticholinergics
beta blockers
nsaids
tca’s
opioids
levodopa
bisphosphonates
estrogen
progesterone

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5
Q

What are the 5 types of PUD and GERD medications?

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)
Antacids
Treating H. pylori
Other miscellaneous

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6
Q

Most common proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication?

A

omeprazole

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7
Q

Most common H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)?

A

famotidine

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8
Q

Most common antacid?

A

aluminum

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9
Q

Most common other PUD and GERD medication?

A

sucralfate

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10
Q

MOA of omeprazole?

A

irreversibly binds to H+/K+ ATPase
inhibits proton pumps from releasing acid

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11
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of omeprazole?

A

treats heartburn
prevents PUD in patient taking NSAIDS
used in treating H. pylori

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12
Q

What are side effects of omeprazole?

A

headache
nausea
diarrhea

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13
Q

What decreases absorption when taking omeprazole?

A

Eating food with medication

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14
Q

Contraindication for taking omeprazole?

A

GI bleed

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15
Q

Method of action for famotidine?

A

blocks acid production by blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
blocks secretions

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16
Q

Therapeutic effects of famotidine?

A

treatment of PUD and GERD

17
Q

What are side effects of famotidine?

A

headache
GI: constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
B12 Deficiency
Thrombocytopenia

18
Q

Therapeutic effects of antacids?

A

neutralizes pH of acid in stomach
treats indigestion, heartburn, PUD, GERD

19
Q

What is the biggest effect after stopping antacids?

A

REBOUND

20
Q

What levels do we check when taking antacids?

A

minerals

21
Q

What is brand name of bismuth compounds?

A

pepto-bismol

22
Q

MOA of bismuth compounds?

A

mucosal protective agent

23
Q

Who do we not give bismuth compounds to?

A

Children under 3 since ASA in it (Reye’s Syndrome)

24
Q

Side effects of bismuth compounds?

A

darkening stool and tongue
metallic taste
bleeding tendency

25
Q

When should you take antacid in relation to other medications?

A

Either 1 hour before or 2 hours after

26
Q

What is treatment of H. pylori?

A

bismuth
omeprazole
amoxicillin, metronidazole

27
Q

What is the physical comparison of sucralfate?

A

Spackle on the the wall (smearing it on lining)

28
Q

MOA of sucralfate?

A

makes thick substance which sticks to gastric or duodenal ulcer surface

29
Q

Therapeutic effects of sucralfate?

A

protect ulcer/erosion from further injury or irritation

30
Q

Most common side effect of sucralfate?

A

constipation

31
Q

What does sucralfate need in order to stick?

A

acid (do not take antacids)

32
Q

What is the vomiting center?

A

Brain

33
Q

What are some non-pharmalogical treatments of N/V?

A

ginger or peppermint
carbs, bananas
acupuncture
hydration

34
Q

What does meclizine treat?

A

N/V
dizziness and vertigo

35
Q

What do you use scopolamine for?

A

amnesia and sedation as a preanesthetic medication
prophylaxis for motion sickness

36
Q

What are the uses for dronabinol?

A

chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
appetite stimulant

37
Q

Cautions for use of dronabinol?

A

drowsiness
monitor psychiatric sxs
monitor cardiac status

38
Q

What are uses of ondansetron?

A

treatment and preventing N/V

Pharmacology 2100 (7 decks)

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