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Pharmacology 2100 > Pain and Inflammation > Flashcards

Pain and Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Redness from localized inflammation is caused by?

A

vasodilation

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2
Q

Swelling from localized inflammation is caused by?

A

plasma leakage into extracellular space

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3
Q

Pain from localized inflammation is caused by?

A

prostaglandin irritation of nerve endings and pressure of edema

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4
Q

Acute Pain

A

Sudden pain, short lived, usually caused by injury

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5
Q

Chronic Pain

A

Longer than 6 months, difficult to treat

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6
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

sensory nerve that initiates pain transmittion

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7
Q

What is Somatic Pain?

A

Sharp pain, usually in skeletal muscles, ligaments, and joints

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8
Q

What is Visceral Pain?

A

Dull, throbbing, aching, usually in smooth muscles and organs

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9
Q

What is Neuropathic Pain?

A

burning, shooting, numbing, usually caused by injury to nerves

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10
Q

What is Gate Control Theory?

A

Using other stimuli to stop the experience of pain

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11
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of acetaminophen?

A

fever and pain reduction (does not reduce inflammation)

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12
Q

What is the method of action for acetaminophen?

A

elevate pain threshold, inhibits pyrogens in the brain (blocks formation of prostaglandins in the CNS)

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13
Q

What is the brand name of acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

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14
Q

Is acetaminophen a non-opioid analgesic, or an NSAID?

A

non-opioid analgesic

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15
Q

Contraindications to acetaminophen?

A

sever liver or kidney disease (metabolism)

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16
Q

Maximum dose mg/day of acetaminophen?

A

4000 mg/day

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17
Q

What can increase effect of acetaminophen?

A

caffeine

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18
Q

What does caffeine do when dosed with acetaminophen?

A

Increases effect

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19
Q

Sxs of acetaminophen intoxication?

A

N/V and GI cramping
clotting times increase
hypoglycemia
abdominal pain
jaundice after 3-5 days

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20
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen intoxication?

A

acetylcysteine (NAC) but must be given within 24 hours (8 hours recommended)

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21
Q

What is an NSAID?

A

drug used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation

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22
Q

What is brand name of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)?

A

Aspirin

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23
Q

MOA for ASA?

A

inhibiting enzymes COX-1 and COX-2

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24
Q

Therapeutic effect of ASA?

A

pain reduction
inflammation reduction
fever reduction
decrease platelet aggregation

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25
Q

Contraindications for ASA?

A

Children (especially if flu/cold sxs Reye’s syndrome)
Pregnancy
Renal or hepatic failure
GI bleeding/ulcers

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26
Q

Side effects of Aspirin?

A

GI bleeding
Tinnitus

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27
Q

Can you take ASA with other NSAIDS?

A

No

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28
Q

What are brand names of ibuprofen?

A

Advil
Motrin

29
Q

Therapeutic effects of ibuprofen?

A

decrease inflammation
antipyretic (fever reduction)
analgesic (pain reduction)

30
Q

Side effects of ibuprofen?

A

GI bleeding
MI, Sroke

31
Q

Can you take ibuprofen with other NSAIDS?

A

No

32
Q

What is celecoxib?

A

NSAID that inhibits COX-2

33
Q

What are therapeutic effects of celecoxib?

A

Reduce inflammation
Reduce pain
Treats rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

34
Q

Side effects of celecoxib?

A

GI effects
heartburn
abdominal pain

35
Q

What is brand name of sumatriptan?

A

Imitrex

36
Q

MOA of sumatriptan?

A

activates serotonin receptors
causes vasoconstriction

37
Q

Therapeutic effect of sumatriptan?

A

stop migraine headache at onset

38
Q

Side effects of sumatriptan?

A

dizziness
warm or cold sensation
serotonin syndrome for use with antidepressants

39
Q

What is Gout?

A

increased uric acid production and reduced uric acid secretion by kidneys

40
Q

What causes pain and inflammation with Gout?

A

uric acid crystals

41
Q

What does colchicine treat?

A

Gout

42
Q

What is the brand name of colchicine?

A

Colcrys

43
Q

MOA of colchicine?

A

inhibits response of leukocytes in inflammation

44
Q

Therapeutic effect of colchicine?

A

reduce swelling and pain

45
Q

What is allopurinol used for?

A

Gout prevention

46
Q

MOA of allopurinol?

A

prevents formation of uric acid

47
Q

What Schedule has highest potential for abuse with controlled substances?

A

Schedule 1

48
Q

How many controlled substance schedules are there?

A

5 Schedules

49
Q

What is morphine sulfate?

A

opioid analgesic

50
Q

MOA of morphine sulfate?

A

alter perception of pain at opioid receptors

51
Q

Indication for morphine sulfate?

A

cancer pain
severe pain
end of life care

52
Q

Side effects of morphine sulfate?

A

respiratory depression
hypotension
(not safe for pregnancy often)
N/V
Anticholinergic

53
Q

What is brand name of naloxone?

A

Narcan

54
Q

What are the effects of naloxone?

A

reverses effects of narcotics

55
Q

What does naloxone compete with?

A

opioid receptors?

56
Q

Does naloxone have any effect if opioids are not present in the body?

A

No

57
Q

What is tramadol?

A

narcotic analgesic

58
Q

What is the brand name of tramadol?

A

Ultram

59
Q

What are therapeutic effects of tramadol?

A

pain management
less profound respiratory depression

60
Q

Side effects of tramadol?

A

dizziness
fatigue
headache

61
Q

What is brand name of gabapentin?

A

Neurontin

62
Q

Therapeutic effects of gabapentin?

A

anticonvulsant
diabetic neuropathy

63
Q

What reduces absorption of gabapentin?

A

antacids

64
Q

Can you discontinue gabapentin?

A

not abruptly
must taper off

65
Q

What is prednisone?

A

corticosteroid

66
Q

What is brand name of prednisone?

A

Deltasone

67
Q

What are therapeutic effects of prednisone?

A

anti-inflammatory
immunosuppressant

68
Q

Side effects of prednisone?

A

infection
poor wound healing
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
insomnia
weight gain
GI ulcers

Pharmacology 2100 (7 decks)

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