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nutrition 225 metabolism nutrients Flashcards

0
Q

Vitamins and mineral digestion

A

They don’t get “digested” but released from food and absorbed

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1
Q

Nutrients involved in energy metabolism

A 
Thiamin (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin 
Vitamin B6
Folate
Cobalamin (B12)
Iodine
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2
Q

The primary role of B-vitamins is to

A

Act as coenzymes

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3
Q

B- complex vitamins

A

Act as coenzymes

Convert energy into ATP

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4
Q

Thiamin function

A

Metabolism of CHO and amino acids
Needed to produce energy from glucose for nerve cells
Neurotransmitters synthesis

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5
Q

Thiamin deficiency

A

Beriberi

Wernicke- koraskoff syndrome

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6
Q

Beriberi

A

Thiamin deficiency

Symptoms: extreme weakness, depression, muscle wasting, nerve damage, heart failure

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7
Q

Wernicke- korsakoff syndrome

A

In alcoholics
Low intake of nutrients
Symptoms: tremors, confusion, impaired memory

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8
Q

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

“Yellow enzyme”

A 
Importance: 
Coenzyme is redox reactions 
Accepts e in electron transport chain 
Produces ATP
Concerts other vitamins into active form
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9
Q

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency:

A

Ariboflavinosis:
Sore throat, dry skin and membranes, poor healing
Light sensitivity

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10
Q

Is Riboflavin (vitamin B2) light sensitive?

A

Yes, it’s why milk is stored in opaque cartons

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11
Q

Niacin (vitamin B3)

A

Function in over 200 reactions (especially in ones that produce ATP)
Coenzyme
Limited amounts made in the body

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12
Q

What vitamin has the highest RDA?

A

Niacin 10x higher

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13
Q

Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency:

A

Pellagra
4D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Toxic is high doses.

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14
Q

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) functions:

A

Coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes
Synthesis of heme
Transaminase reactions (one Amino acid is converted to another).

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15
Q

B6 used in:

A

Neurotransmitter synthesis
ATP production from Amino acids& glucose synthesis from amino acids
Transaminase reactions

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16
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A 
Numbness 
Depression 
Anemia 
Poor growth
Peripheral nerve damage 
Seizures/confusion
17
Q

B6 toxicity

A

Nerve impairment

Supplements

18
Q

Folate (folic acid)

A 
Important for rapidly dividing cells
Synthesis of DNA
Metabolism of some amino acids 
Bone marrow 
Developing fetus
19
Q

Folate deficiency

A

Anemia (macrocytic): big red blood cells that are non functional
Increased risk for neural tube defects
Increased risk for heart disease

20
Q

Excess folate

A

Can make anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

21
Q

Adequate folate intake is critical for women of childbearing age because

A

It reduces the risk for giving the birth to an infant with a neural tube defect.

22
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Secreted by the glands of the stomach and binds to vitamin B12 aiding its absorption in the small intestine

23
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Increased blood homocysteine levels
Macrocytic anemia

People at risk:
Vegans, older adults, people who have had gastric bypass

24
Q

Iodine

A

Needed to synthesize thyroid hormone

25
Q

Deficiency of iodine

A

Goiter: growth of thyroid gland
Cretinism: mental retardation, deaf…

26
Q

Toxicity of iodine

A

Can cause enlargement of thyroid gland that resembles goiter

27
Q

Food source of iodine

A

Iodized salt

28
Q

What is the primary role of B vitamins

A

Act as coenzyme

29
Q

What is transamination?

A

Process of non essential amino acid creation

30
Q

Which nutrient is required for transamination

A

B6

31
Q

Which condition results in the 4 “D’s”?

A

Pellagra

32
Q

Good sources of B12 include

A

Beef and lamb

33
Q

Homocysteine in an essential amino acid

A

False

34
Q

Consumption of high levels of folate can mask _______ deficiency

A

Vitamin B12

35
Q

Chromium assist in _______ uptake

A

Glucose

36
Q

Iodine is essential for ______ hormone synthesis

A

Thyroid

37
Q

Goiters result from

A

Too much and too little iodine

38
Q

Which nutrient deficiency leads to beriberi?

A

Thiamin

39
Q

Which b vitamin is most known for its toxic effect

A

Niacin

40
Q

Exposure to light can damage

A

Riboflavin

From Flashcardlet (36 decks)

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