Nutrition

Question 1

Glucose is essential to metabolism in which 3 places

Answer 1

Brian
renal medulla
red cell metabolism

Question 2

What is the main glucose regulatory hormone

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

Where is glucose converted to glycogen

Answer 3

In the liver

Question 4

A decrease in insulin secretion prompts what 3 things

Answer 4

glycogenolysis
glyoneogenesis
lipolysis

Question 5

Where does glycogenolysis occur

Answer 5

in the liver

Question 6

How do lipids enter the circulation

Answer 6

As chylomicrons

Question 7

How much of hospital patients are undernourished

Answer 7

30%

Question 8

What does MUST stand for

Answer 8

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

Question 9

What does nutritional dupport refer to

Answer 9

The provision of nutrition above and beyond the normal diet and includes food fortification, oral nutritional supplementation, tube feeding and parenteral nutrition

Question 10

What is the preferred method of feeding out of oral and enteral

Answer 10

Oral

Question 11

What is the preferred method of feeding out of enteral and parenteral

Answer 11

Enteral

Question 12

What 5 factors need consideration in deciding the replacement schedule

Answer 12

Calorie requiredment
Nutrogen (protein) balance
Minerals and vitamins
Fluid and electrolytes
Fibre

Question 13

Malabsorption of what causes gum hypertrophy, bleeding and poor wound healing

Answer 13

Vitamin C

Question 14

How long is nasogastric feeding appropriate for

Answer 14

4 weeks

Question 15

What effect do soluble fibres have

Answer 15

Prebiotic effect

Question 16

What does less soluble fibre act as

Answer 16

A bulking agent, increasing stool output and frequency

Question 17

Patients with complete, irreversible intestinal failure require what type of feeding

Answer 17

Parenteral

Question 18

What are the 2 general types of complications for parenteral nutrition

Answer 18

Line-related

metabolic

Question 19

What are 3 early line-related complications

Answer 19

Local haematoma
Arterial puncture
pneumothroax

Question 20

What are 3 early line-related complications

Answer 20

Local haematoma
Arterial puncture
pneumothrthorax

Question 21

What is the main metabolic risk of parenteral feeding

Answer 21

Refeeding syndrome

Question 22

Patients receiving long term PN have an increased risk of what

Answer 22

Cholestasis
Metabolic bone disease
micronutrient deficiencies

Question 23

When is enteral tube feeding indicated

Answer 23

If supplemetns are insufficient to ensure an adequate intake and recovery
Where oral intake is unsafe and contraindicated

Question 24

What should a NG aspirate pH be

Answer 24

5 or less

Question 25

What should a NG aspirate pH be

Answer 25

5 or less

Question 26

During starvation, what does the body utilise to form glucose

Answer 26

Liver glycogen stores as well as gluconeogenesis

Question 27

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 27

Glucose synthesis using breakdown products of lipid and protein

Question 28

What causes loss of lean body mass

Answer 28

Catabolism of adipose tissue and muscle

Question 29

What is the refeeding syndrome

Answer 29

A syndrome consisting of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved or severely malnourished

Question 30

What 6 types of patients are at risk of the refeeding syndrome

Answer 30

Anorexia nervosa chronic alcoholism prolonged fasting following duodenal switch operation for obesity oncology patients receiving prolonged chemotherapy postoperative patients

Question 31

What does intestinal failure result from

Answer 31

Loss of absorption due to obstruction, dysmotility, surgical resection, congenital defect or disease

Question 32

What is intestinal failure characterised by

Answer 32

Inability to maintain protein energy, fluid, electrolyte or micronutrient balance

Question 33

What is SBS

Answer 33

Intestinal failure resulting from the loss of small intestinal absorptive capacity for anatomical reasons

Question 34

What length of small bowel would a patient at risk of SBS have

Question 35

What is type 2 intestinal failure

Answer 35

In severely ill patients with major resections of the bowel and septic