Nutrition

Question 1

provide most abundant energy during metabolism

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

yield 4 kilocalories/gram

Answer 2

carbohydrate

Question 3

name all monosaccharides

Answer 3

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 4

blood sugar/dextrose, main fuel for brain and needed for RBCs, major carbohydrate found in bloodstream

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

levulose/fruit sugar, sweetest monosaccharide

Answer 5

fructose

Question 6

component of milk sugar, body converts glucose to this in mammary tissue during lactation

Answer 6

galactose

Question 7

double sugars, made of two monosaccharides, made of one glucose molecule

Answer 7

disaccharides

Question 8

name all disaccharides

Answer 8

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 9

glucose+fructose, furnishes 1/3 of total COH intake in avg western diet

Answer 9

sucrose (table sugar)

Question 10

glucose + galactose

Answer 10

lactose (milk sugar)

Question 11

made of two glucose molecules, appears whenever starch is broken down*

Answer 11

maltose (plant sugar)

Question 12

name all polysaccharides

Answer 12

starch, glycogen, fibers

Question 13

plant storage form or glucose, most important carb nutritionally, stores energy, breaks down at slow rate, eat this to carb load

Answer 13

starch

Question 14

provides 12-24 hours stored energy, animal equivalent of starch, *provides food storage system in animals/humans (glycogenesis), released in liver-regulates blood sugar for the brain, released in mm-serves as an energy source for mm contraction (running long distance), not significant as a food source

Answer 14

glycogen

Question 15

functional fibers _____ digestion

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

nutritive sweeteners, carb-like, sugar like compounds that provide calories, don’t promote tooth decay, not readily absorbed in small intestine-can cause diarrhea

Answer 16

sugar alcohols

Question 17

name sugar alcohols

Answer 17

sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol

Question 18

don’t want to have more than 20g for diabetic of ____

Answer 18

sugar alcohols

Question 19

nonnutritive sweeteners, nor carb, non caloric

Answer 19

artificial sweeteners

Question 20

name all artificial sweeteners

Answer 20

saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-k,

Question 21

blue packet, headaches, dizziness, seizures, must carry PKU warning

Answer 21

aspartame

Question 22

insulin dependent diabetes, cannot synthesize insulin

Answer 22

type 1

Question 23

non insulin dependent, insufficient insulin or improper use, diabetes

Answer 23

type 2

Question 24

abnormally high blood glucose concentration

Answer 24

hyperglycemia

Question 25

fruity odor on breath (as a result of ketosis)

Answer 25

acetone breath

Question 26

ketones in blood/urine

Answer 26

ketonemia/ketonuria

Question 27

low blood glucose levels, less than 70 mg/dl

Answer 27

hypoglycemia

Question 28

these are symptoms of what with diabetes- shakiness, dizziness, sweating, headaches, irritability, hunger, light headedness, palpitations

Answer 28

hypoglycemia

Question 29

organic compounds made up of amino acids

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

proteins contain what elements

Answer 30

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sometimes sulfur)

Question 31

this means same things as protein, need to get these from food sources

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

if you eat meat, how many amino acids do you get

Answer 32

all of them

Question 33

inborn error of metabolism, avoid aspartame

Answer 33

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 34

“evil spirit that infects the first child when 2nd child is born”, acute condition, delayed eruption, hypoplasia of teeth

Answer 34

Kwashiorkor

Question 35

to waste away, chronic condition

Answer 35

marasmus

Question 36

carry max #s of hydrogen atoms, remain solid at room temp, increase serum cholesterol levels (fat)

Answer 36

saturated fatty acids

Question 37

contain a point of unsaturated linkage with no hydrogen atoms, viscous in form, maintain serum cholesterol levels (fat)

Answer 37

monounsaturated fatty acids

Question 38

contain 2 or more points of unsaturation, liquid in consistency, decrease serum cholesterol levels (fat)

Answer 38

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 39

must be obtained from diet, liolenic fatty acid

Answer 39

essentail (polyunsaturated) fatty acids

Question 40

must abundant mineral in the body, forms and maintains bones and teeth, coagulates blood

Answer 40

calcium

Question 41

what vitamin helps absorb calcium?

Answer 41

Vitamin D