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Dental Hygiene Board Review > Dental Materials > Flashcards

Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

chemical attraction between unlike molecules

A

adhesion

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2
Q

chemical attraction between like molecules

A

cohesion

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3
Q

n index which indicates how one material reacts to temp extremes in relation to another

A

coefficient of thermal expansion

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4
Q

the force at which a material breaks under pressure

A

compressive strength

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5
Q

slow dimensional change caused by compression

A

creep

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6
Q

the ability to undergo change of form without breaking

A

ductility

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7
Q

a material’s ability to recover its initial shape after undergoing a force

A

elasticity

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8
Q

an electrical current generated by dissimilar metals in an acidic environment

A

Galvanism

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9
Q

the process of solidification by cold (gelling)

A

gelation

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10
Q

absorption of a solvent by a gel

A

imbibition

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11
Q

a material’s capacity to be shaped by force or pressure

A

malleability

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12
Q

passage of oral fluids/bacteria into and out of tooth structure due to a marginal gap or failure of the marginal (restorative) seal

A

micro leakage (percolation)

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13
Q

the linking, branching, or cross linking of smaller molecules to generate a larger molecule

A

polymerization

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14
Q

the force at which a material can not return to its original shape

A

proportional limit

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15
Q

the force needed to stretch a material to the point of fracture

A

tensile strength

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16
Q

resistance to flow

A

viscosity

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17
Q

an alloy of mercury with silver, copper, tin, and zinc

A

amalgam

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18
Q

why is copper added to amalgam

A

minimize corrosion- gamma II phase eliminated

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19
Q

is silver (a base metal) susceptible to corrosion

A

yes

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20
Q

desirable features of what? - *durable, compressive strength similar to enamel, relatively inexpensive

A

amalgam

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21
Q

undesirable features of amalgam

A

unattractive, high thermal conductivity, dimensionally unstable (creep), delayed expansion if contaminated by saliva, requires tooth support, fracturable by excessive occlusion, susceptible to galvanism when new

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22
Q

final polish in mouth of amalgam is with what

A

tin oxide

23
Q

establish micro mechanical retention with enable and dentin by adapting to relief areas created by conditioning with phosphoric acid

A

dental resins (BIS-GMA or urethane dimethacrylate)

24
Q

bonding failures usually do to what in sealants

A

contamination by saliva or oils

25
Q

if contamination occurs during sealant placement what do you do

A

re etch

26
Q

most common filler particles in composite

A

silicates, quartz, glass

27
Q

used to seal dentin or medicate the dental pulp (seal/medicate)

A

liners

28
Q

liner. soothes the pulp*, oily, contra indicated with composite

A

zinc oxide/eugenol

29
Q

used to provide thermal insulation or mechanical protection for the dental pulp. includes all cements

A

bases

30
Q

used to affix a restoration to tooth structure, or as a base

A

cements

31
Q

commonly used for *temporary cementation, orange solvent used to clean this off

A

zinc-oxide/eugenol cement

32
Q

reversible hydrocolloid, physical reaction, temperature dependent, susceptible to imbibition and synopsis, gelation, hydrophilic, flexible

A

agar

33
Q

irreversible hydrocolloid, chemical reaction, not temperature dependent, susceptible to imbibition and synopsis, hydrophilic, flexible

A

alginate

34
Q

you need to do this to prevent setting/compaction of powder for alginate

A

aerate (fluff)

35
Q

this is a mineral, calcium sulfate di-hydrate

A

gypsum

36
Q

the ____ water needed, the greater the setting expansion (dimensional change) and lower the compressive strength of the final product

A

more

37
Q

beta calcium sulfate hemi hydrate

A

plaster, type II gympsum

38
Q

alpha calcium sulfate hemi hydrate, better than beta

A

stone, type III gypsum

39
Q

alpha calcium sulfate hemi hydrate, with additive to make more durable and wear resistant

A

diestone, type IV gypsum, also called improved stone

40
Q

what to do to accelerate set of gypsum

A

add potassium sulfate, mix with warm water

41
Q

what to do to slow set of gypsum

A

borax

42
Q

wax, used to modify the shape of impression trays and cushion braces

A

utility wax

43
Q

wax used for cast restorative patterns

A

inlay and casting wax

44
Q

wax useful to obtain occlusal records

A

bite registration wax

45
Q

wax useful in removable prosthetic procedures

A

baseplate wax

46
Q

wax used in pouring models (vertical wax around impression)

A

boxing wax

47
Q

wax that becomes sticky when heated, used to attach models

A

sticky wax

48
Q

used to fabricate inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges

A

casting alloys

49
Q

resist tarnish and corrosion

A

noble metals

50
Q

noble metals include

A

gold, platinum, palladium

51
Q

subject to tarnish and corrosion, may be allergenic

A

base metals

52
Q

base metals include

A

silver, copper, nickel, tin, and zinc

53
Q

implants are _____ (within bone)

A

endosteal

54
Q

leading cause of dentinal sensitivity

A

pyrophosphate - tartar control toothpaste

Dental Hygiene Board Review (12 decks)

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