Special Needs Patients

Question 1

saliva stimulant, cholinergic

Answer 1

pilocarpine

Question 2

saliva stimulant, cholinergic

Answer 2

pilocarpine

Question 3

prehypertension

Answer 3

120-139, 80-89

Question 4

stage 1 hypertension

Answer 4

140-159, 90-99

Question 5

stage 2 hypertension

Answer 5

> 160, >100

Question 6

side effects of ACE inhibitors, and what type of drug is that?

Answer 6

SE- postural hypotension, dry cough, it is am anti hypertensive

Question 7

side effects of beta blockers

Answer 7

if non selective use with caution

Question 8

side effects of CCBs

Answer 8

ging hyperplasia, xerostomia

Question 9

side effects of diuretics (-thiazides)

Answer 9

postural hypotension, xerostomia

Question 10

necrosis of heart mm from prolonged ischemia, symptoms- pain, nausea, sweating (diaphoresis), dyspnea, weakness

Answer 10

MI

Question 11

once nitro is opened, when does it expire?

Answer 11

6 month

Question 12

if limiting epic, use how many carts of 1:100,000 epi?

Answer 12

2 carpules

Question 13

hypertension, no identifiable cause, develops over years

Answer 13

primary (essential) hypertension

Question 14

hypertension, cause an underlying condition (pregnancy, kidney failure, medications, illegal drugs, etc)

Answer 14

secondary hypertension

Question 15

supply of O2 to brain is disrupted (ischemia)

Answer 15

CVA

Question 16

electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeat do not work properly, symptoms- rapid hb with erratic electoral impulses of ventricles, tachycardia, fluttering in chest, bradycardia

Answer 16

cardiac arrhythmias, can’t use epi

Question 17

___ node is pacemaker, ____ node is pace setter

Answer 17

SA, AV

Question 18

why don’t you use nitrous on someone with congenital heart failure

Answer 18

possible pulmonary congestion

Question 19

can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, tires easily, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, if taking Digoxin- high gag reflex and limit epic, tx setting semi upright, don’t use air polisher or US

Answer 19

CHF

Question 20

if they have had valve replacement do they need pre med?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

of they have have coronary bypass surgery do they need pre med?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

common medications for asthma

Answer 22

Albuterol (ventolin)- short acting bronchodilator, emergency rescue inhaler
Salmeterol (Serevent)- long acting bronchodilator
fluticasone (Flovent)- corticosteroid, long term
advair- long acting bronchodilator + corticosteroid

Question 23

COPD-over inflation of alveoli/air sacs which impairs airflow out of the lungs, shallow breathing, high respiratory rate but good oxygenation, dry cough

Answer 23

emphysema (pink puffer)

Question 24

COPD- inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes which narrows airways heavy mucous/phlegm, wet cough, cyanosis, increases lung volume

Answer 24

chronic bronchitis (blue bloater)

Question 25

appt modifications for COPD

Answer 25

tx pt sitting up, no N2O/rubber dam/US/air polisher

Question 26

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands (tears, saliva, sweat, digestive juices), secretions become thick and sticky, accumulation of mucous blocks O2 exchange in the lungs, sit semi upright

Answer 26

cystic fibrosis

Question 27

what type of hypersensitivity is Mantoux skin test for tb?

Answer 27

IV- delayed, 48-72 hours after administration

Question 28

infectious disease from reduced helper t-lymphocyte counts and function

Answer 28

HIV/AIDS

Question 29

cancer of WBCs, may cause aplastic anemia, my have bleeding problems, poor healing, immune suppression

Answer 29

Leukemia

Question 30

hereditary blood disorder, hemoglobin defect that causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped and can occlude small vessels

Answer 30

sickle cell anemia

Question 31

define sickle cell trait

Answer 31

carry one of the autosomal recessive genes

Question 32

carry both autosomal recessive genes, infection susceptibility, low stress tolerance, delayed tooth eruption, mucosal pallor, atrophy of tongue papillae

Answer 32

sickle cell disease

Question 33

autoimmune form of IBS, chronic inflammation of large/small intestine, abdominal cramping, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, weight loss, can involve anywhere from mouth to anus, apthus like ulcers

Answer 33

Crohn's disease

Question 34

failure of the kidney to perform essential functions, period, caries, halitosis, bleeding, ulcers

Answer 34

chronic renal failure

Question 35

modifications for kidney failure

Answer 35

avoid BP cuff in arm with shunt, high risk of hep b/c, HIV, best time for appt day after dialysis

Question 36

hepatitis. fecal/oral, has vaccine

Answer 36

hep a

Question 37

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, no vaccine

Answer 37

hep c

Question 38

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, has vaccine

Answer 38

hep b

Question 39

hepatitis- fecal/oral, no vaccine

Answer 39

hep e

Question 40

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, hep b vaccine works for this

Answer 40

hep d

Question 41

bronzing or tinting of the skin and mucosa, adrenal cortical insufficiency, need extra steroids for stressful situations

Answer 41

Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)

Question 42

too little insulin, too much sugar not taking meds, stress, or infection, symptoms- drowsiness, confusion, deep rapid breathing, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, dehydration, fever, dry flushed skin, sweet breath, active EMS, fluids, keep warm

Answer 42

hyperglycemia (diabetic coma)

Question 43

most common adverse events in diabetes, too much med, failing to eat, heavy exercise, emotional factors, symptoms are sudden- confusion, anxiety, headache, tachycardia, moist/clammy skin, sweating, shakiness, visual problems, administer sugar

Answer 43

hypoglycemia (insulin shock)

Question 44

lack of O2 during birth, not disease, not contagious, lack of mm control with involuntary movements and mm spasms, drooling, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism, high gag reflex

Answer 44

cerebral palsy

Question 45

progressive, chronic disease causing mm atrophy, onset 20-40, degeneration of mm

Answer 45

muscular dystrophy

Question 46

spine is curved C or S shape, idiopathic congenital genetic or neuromuscular related

Answer 46

scoliosis

Question 47

should you give home Fl for Alzheimers?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

unilateral facial paralysis (7th cranial nn), viral/pregnancy/idiopathic, face droops

Answer 48

Bell's palsy

Question 49

chromosomal abnormality, mentally challenged, heart defects, altered immune system, risk of leukemia, fissures tongue, macroglossia, mouth breathing, hypodontia

Answer 49

trisomy 21

Question 50

chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the CNS, myelin sheath attacked, young adult women, fatigue, leg stiffness, tremor, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing

Answer 50

multiple sclerosis

Question 51

chronic progressive disease of neurons that produce dopamine, causes slow movements, tremors, rigid mms

Answer 51

Parkinson's disease

Question 52

disordered thinking, inappropriate emotional responses, hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, xerostomia from meds often severe

Answer 52

Schizophrenia

Question 53

hereditary blistering disorders, slight rubbing or irritation causes large bullae

Answer 53

epidermolysis bullosa

Question 54

hereditary condition of conn tiss, joints, and skeletal tissues,

Answer 54

Marfan syndrome

Question 55

autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of collagen, porcelain doll appearance

Answer 55

Scleroderma

Question 56

5 As of tobacco cessation

Answer 56

ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange

Question 57

antidepressant (xerostomia, use epic with caution), Rx quit aid for tobacco

Answer 57

Buproprion (zyban)

Question 58

nicotine agonist

Answer 58

Chantix

Question 59

position of ___ side for pregnant pt with pillow to elevate right hip

Answer 59

left