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Dental Hygiene Board Review > Special Needs Patients > Flashcards

Special Needs Patients Flashcards

1
Q

saliva stimulant, cholinergic

A

pilocarpine

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2
Q

saliva stimulant, cholinergic

A

pilocarpine

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3
Q

prehypertension

A

120-139, 80-89

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4
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159, 90-99

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5
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

> 160, >100

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6
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors, and what type of drug is that?

A

SE- postural hypotension, dry cough, it is am anti hypertensive

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7
Q

side effects of beta blockers

A

if non selective use with caution

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8
Q

side effects of CCBs

A

ging hyperplasia, xerostomia

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9
Q

side effects of diuretics (-thiazides)

A

postural hypotension, xerostomia

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10
Q

necrosis of heart mm from prolonged ischemia, symptoms- pain, nausea, sweating (diaphoresis), dyspnea, weakness

A

MI

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11
Q

once nitro is opened, when does it expire?

A

6 month

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12
Q

if limiting epic, use how many carts of 1:100,000 epi?

A

2 carpules

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13
Q

hypertension, no identifiable cause, develops over years

A

primary (essential) hypertension

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14
Q

hypertension, cause an underlying condition (pregnancy, kidney failure, medications, illegal drugs, etc)

A

secondary hypertension

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15
Q

supply of O2 to brain is disrupted (ischemia)

A

CVA

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16
Q

electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeat do not work properly, symptoms- rapid hb with erratic electoral impulses of ventricles, tachycardia, fluttering in chest, bradycardia

A

cardiac arrhythmias, can’t use epi

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17
Q

___ node is pacemaker, ____ node is pace setter

A

SA, AV

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18
Q

why don’t you use nitrous on someone with congenital heart failure

A

possible pulmonary congestion

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19
Q

can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, tires easily, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, if taking Digoxin- high gag reflex and limit epic, tx setting semi upright, don’t use air polisher or US

A

CHF

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20
Q

if they have had valve replacement do they need pre med?

A

yes

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21
Q

of they have have coronary bypass surgery do they need pre med?

A

no

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22
Q

common medications for asthma

A

Albuterol (ventolin)- short acting bronchodilator, emergency rescue inhaler
Salmeterol (Serevent)- long acting bronchodilator
fluticasone (Flovent)- corticosteroid, long term
advair- long acting bronchodilator + corticosteroid

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23
Q

COPD-over inflation of alveoli/air sacs which impairs airflow out of the lungs, shallow breathing, high respiratory rate but good oxygenation, dry cough

A

emphysema (pink puffer)

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24
Q

COPD- inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes which narrows airways heavy mucous/phlegm, wet cough, cyanosis, increases lung volume

A

chronic bronchitis (blue bloater)

25
Q

appt modifications for COPD

A

tx pt sitting up, no N2O/rubber dam/US/air polisher

26
Q

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands (tears, saliva, sweat, digestive juices), secretions become thick and sticky, accumulation of mucous blocks O2 exchange in the lungs, sit semi upright

A

cystic fibrosis

27
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is Mantoux skin test for tb?

A

IV- delayed, 48-72 hours after administration

28
Q

infectious disease from reduced helper t-lymphocyte counts and function

A

HIV/AIDS

29
Q

cancer of WBCs, may cause aplastic anemia, my have bleeding problems, poor healing, immune suppression

A

Leukemia

30
Q

hereditary blood disorder, hemoglobin defect that causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped and can occlude small vessels

A

sickle cell anemia

31
Q

define sickle cell trait

A

carry one of the autosomal recessive genes

32
Q

carry both autosomal recessive genes, infection susceptibility, low stress tolerance, delayed tooth eruption, mucosal pallor, atrophy of tongue papillae

A

sickle cell disease

33
Q

autoimmune form of IBS, chronic inflammation of large/small intestine, abdominal cramping, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, diarrhea, weight loss, can involve anywhere from mouth to anus, apthus like ulcers

A

Crohn’s disease

34
Q

failure of the kidney to perform essential functions, period, caries, halitosis, bleeding, ulcers

A

chronic renal failure

35
Q

modifications for kidney failure

A

avoid BP cuff in arm with shunt, high risk of hep b/c, HIV, best time for appt day after dialysis

36
Q

hepatitis. fecal/oral, has vaccine

A

hep a

37
Q

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, no vaccine

A

hep c

38
Q

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, has vaccine

A

hep b

39
Q

hepatitis- fecal/oral, no vaccine

A

hep e

40
Q

hepatitis- blood/body fluids, hep b vaccine works for this

A

hep d

41
Q

bronzing or tinting of the skin and mucosa, adrenal cortical insufficiency, need extra steroids for stressful situations

A

Addison’s disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)

42
Q

too little insulin, too much sugar not taking meds, stress, or infection, symptoms- drowsiness, confusion, deep rapid breathing, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, dehydration, fever, dry flushed skin, sweet breath, active EMS, fluids, keep warm

A

hyperglycemia (diabetic coma)

43
Q

most common adverse events in diabetes, too much med, failing to eat, heavy exercise, emotional factors, symptoms are sudden- confusion, anxiety, headache, tachycardia, moist/clammy skin, sweating, shakiness, visual problems, administer sugar

A

hypoglycemia (insulin shock)

44
Q

lack of O2 during birth, not disease, not contagious, lack of mm control with involuntary movements and mm spasms, drooling, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism, high gag reflex

A

cerebral palsy

45
Q

progressive, chronic disease causing mm atrophy, onset 20-40, degeneration of mm

A

muscular dystrophy

46
Q

spine is curved C or S shape, idiopathic congenital genetic or neuromuscular related

A

scoliosis

47
Q

should you give home Fl for Alzheimers?

A

no

48
Q

unilateral facial paralysis (7th cranial nn), viral/pregnancy/idiopathic, face droops

A

Bell’s palsy

49
Q

chromosomal abnormality, mentally challenged, heart defects, altered immune system, risk of leukemia, fissures tongue, macroglossia, mouth breathing, hypodontia

A

trisomy 21

50
Q

chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the CNS, myelin sheath attacked, young adult women, fatigue, leg stiffness, tremor, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing

A

multiple sclerosis

51
Q

chronic progressive disease of neurons that produce dopamine, causes slow movements, tremors, rigid mms

A

Parkinson’s disease

52
Q

disordered thinking, inappropriate emotional responses, hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, xerostomia from meds often severe

A

Schizophrenia

53
Q

hereditary blistering disorders, slight rubbing or irritation causes large bullae

A

epidermolysis bullosa

54
Q

hereditary condition of conn tiss, joints, and skeletal tissues,

A

Marfan syndrome

55
Q

autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of collagen, porcelain doll appearance

A

Scleroderma

56
Q

5 As of tobacco cessation

A

ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange

57
Q

antidepressant (xerostomia, use epic with caution), Rx quit aid for tobacco

A

Buproprion (zyban)

58
Q

nicotine agonist

A

Chantix

59
Q

position of ___ side for pregnant pt with pillow to elevate right hip

A

left

Dental Hygiene Board Review (12 decks)

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