Nutrition and life cycle

Question 1

اللهمّ أكرمني بجودة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم وثبات العقل والذهن والذاكرة بحق قولك: «الرَّحْمَـنُ، عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ، عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ».

Answer 1

آمين🧡

Question 3

Nutrition before pregnancy:

Answer 3

🟡The nutritional status of a woman at the time of conception reflects her diet and life style over a number of years.
🟡Pre-pregnancy diet may affect the chances and outcome of conception.

Question 4

Vitamin D deficiency in adolescence may have resulted in__________, which may result in___________.

Answer 4

pelvic malformations

obstructed labour

Question 5

Body weight:
There is a high prevalence of infertility among________ and________ women, due to the presence of excess and low body fat stores respectively, which can affect ovulation.

Answer 5

obese,

underweight

Question 6

BMI = wt (kg) / ht (m)2
   BMI < 18.5 \_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI 18.5-24.9 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI >25-29.9 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI >30\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 6

Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese

Question 7

So, women planning to become pregnant should aim to achieve a BMI within the range of_______

Answer 7

20-25.

Question 8

Studies have shown that supplementing women with folic acid for________ before conception and up to the _______of pregnancy, significantly reduced the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.

Answer 8

3 months

12th week

Question 9

The embryo at conception and in the first weeks afterwards is extremely vulnerable. The majority of organs develop in the_______ weeks after conception

Answer 9

first 8
🔴🔴🔴🔴At this stage, the placenta has not yet formed, so there is no mechanism to protect the growing embryo from deficiencies or excesses in the maternal circulation🔴🔴🔴🔴

Question 10

The essential energy and nutrients of embryo are derived from the_________&_________…

Answer 10

maternal circulation and the lining of the uterus

Question 11

all women who are planning to get pregnant are advised to increase their folate, by the daily intake of folic acid as a supplement (____mg) or by the intake food fortified with folic acid

Answer 11

0.4

Question 12

Studies have concluded that extreme intake of retinol, in doses from____to_____ ug/day, is teratogenic. However,________ is not toxic.

Answer 12

7,500 to 10,000

B-carotene

Question 13

Such high doses of vitA are likely to be taken regularly only in the form of_______.

Answer 13

supplements

Question 14

Women who are planning to become pregnant are advised to avoid supplements with mega doses of retinol as well as excessive daily intake of liver.(____)

Answer 14

✅✅👩🏻‍⚕️

Question 15

Underweight woman who enters pregnancy with limited nutrient stores, is more likely to have a low birth-weight infant(___)

Answer 15

✅

Question 16

Overweight and obese women are at a higher risk for _______&________disorders.

Answer 16

gestational diabetes and hypertensive

Question 17

Long-term consequences of low birth-weight

Answer 17

🔺Higher risk of:
🔴Coronary heart disease in later life.
🔴Higher blood pressure later in life.
🔴Type 2 diabetes in adults.

Question 18

Dieting is never recommended during pregnancy, as a low energy intake during pregnancy may result in_______ which has a threat for the developing fetus.

Answer 18

ketosis

Question 19

The average weight gain during pregnancy is______ kg (__-__kg), which includes:

Answer 19

12.5, 11.5- 16 
📌 Fetus 3.5 kg 
📌Increased maternal tissue 6 kg
(including uterus, breast and blood volume)
📌 Stored fats 3 kg

Question 20

مش عارف هدول حفظ أو لأ

Answer 20

‏Dietary reference values for pregnant women
‏Nutrient
‏🟢 Energy. Increase by 300 kcal/day in
‎‏the 2nd and 3rd trimester
‏🟢 Protein. Increase by 6-11 g/day
‏🟢 Folate. 0.4 -4 mg/day up to 12th week of pregnancy as a supplement
‏🟢 Calcium. No increase needed, as GIT absorption of calcium increases
‏🟢 Vitamin D. 10 ug/day as a supplement
‏🟢 Iron. 30 mg after 4thmon.(supplement)
‏🟢 Vitamin A. Increase up to 770 μg/day

Question 21

Adaptive mechanisms during pregnancy

Answer 21

🟤An increase in food intake.
🟤 Laying down of fat stores.
🟤 A reduction in physical activity
🟤 An increase in the efficiency of nutrient utilization and absorption.

Question 22

كلي، تغزي، انتي بتآكلي عن تنين

Answer 22

❌❌

A pregnant woman doesn’t need to eat for two.

Question 23

Malnutrition in mothers can reduce quantity and quality of milk.(—-)

Answer 23

❌❌❌❌❌❌❌❌❌

Malnutrition in mothers can reduce quantity of milk but usually not quality of milk.

Question 24

The quality of milk is protected from deficiencies in the maternal diet by increased efficiency in maternal metabolism.

However, quality of milk is maintained, at the expense of the mother.

Answer 24

والله يا عسل م فيئالك🙋🏻‍♀️

Question 25

Dietary reference values for lactating mothers

بعرفش اذا حفظ

Answer 25

⏺Energy. Increase by 500 kcal/day
⏺ Protein. Increase by 16-11 g/day
⏺ Calcium.  Increase by 550 mg/day
⏺ Vitamin D. 10 ug/day as supplement
⏺ Vitamin A.  Increase by 350 ug/day
⏺ Water.  Increase by 3-4 cups

Question 26

The average volume of milk produced in the first 3 months of lactation ranges from______ ml/day.

Answer 26

680-820

Question 27

The energy cost of producing 800 ml of milk =

Answer 27

700 kcal. 500 kcal will be taken from the diet. The remaining 200 kcal will met from fat stores laid down during pregnancy.

Question 28

The best prescription for maximum milk production is:

Answer 28

Effective and frequent breastfeeding Plenty of fluids, Rest. Adequate calories

Question 29

Food safety in pregnancy

Answer 29

Avoid raw or undercooked eggs due to salmonella risk.  Avoid unpasteurized milk and.  Cook meat and poultry thoroughly.  Avoid mercury poisoning: limit tuna intake to twice a week.

Question 30

Infants -During the first year of life, there is very rapid growth, so the infant has very high nutritional needs. After first______, growth slows ⬇️down while activity increases.⬆️ -Infant's birth weight is doubled within____months and is trebled within the_____.

Answer 30

6 months 4- 6, first year

Question 31

Brain development occurs very rapidly in the ____months after birth Thus infancy and early childhood are critical periods for nutrient supply to the brain

Answer 31

first

Question 32

Infants require more protein per weight than adults. The role of protein is almost to support growth.

Answer 32

``` Reference nutrient intake for protein: Age (g/kg) 0-3 mon 2.1 4-12 mon 1.5 1-6 yr. 1.1 ```

Question 33

Fats should comprise______ of an infants energy intake.

Answer 33

30-50 % Fats are important part of infants’ diet because of their energy density, as they provide a substantial amount of energy in small volume.

Question 34

Carbohydrates | Mainly in the form of_____, supplies ____of the energy in an infant’s diet.

Answer 34

lactose, 40%

Question 35

Infants need____ ml/kg to ensure that adequate hydration. This large amount of fluid is provided by____ and no additional water is required.

Answer 35

150, milk onlyyyyyyy

Question 36

Recommended supplements for infants

Answer 36

Vitamin A & D: From birth to 12 months of age. Iron.

Question 37

Weaning

Answer 37

Weaning means to accustom the baby to new solid foods, in order to diversify his diet from only milk to diet containing solid foods. Weaning means introducing a range of foods gradually until the baby is eating the same foods as the rest of your family.

Question 38

The optimal age of weaning is at

Answer 38

6 months.

Question 39

Early weaning may precipitate:

Answer 39

▶️An allergic response. | ▶️More respiratory illnesses during the first year of life.

Question 40

Weaning ...why??

Answer 40

Weaning is required to provide certain nutrients that can no longer be supplied in sufficient amounts by milk.  Particularly this includes energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A and D.

Question 41

Weaning diet should provide a variety of different foods, to ensure that a range of nutrients is consumed.

Answer 41

Milk should remain the cornerstone of the infant's diet, as it contains important amounts of protein, calcium, vitamins and energy.

Question 42

The infant's stomach capacity (——)is much smaller than the adult's stomach. So, it is very important to ensure that the foods offered contain enough energy and nutrients (energy dense nutrients).

Answer 42

200ml

Question 43

large amounts of food rich in NSP such as wholegrain cereals, should be avoided.

Answer 43

Ok

Question 44

Recommendations during weaning

Answer 44

``` The infant should be supervised.  Initially, introduce one type of food.  Start with small amount of any food.  Sugar and salt should not be added to foods.  Soft-boiled eggs should be avoided. ```

Question 45

اللهم افتح لي أبواب حكمتك، وانشر عليّ رحمتك، وامنن عليّ بالحفظ والفهم، سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا، إنّك أنت العليم الحكيم.

Answer 45

💚

Question 46

⏺The first weaning food should be cereals as rice then wheat. ⏺ Then gradually add vegetables. ⏺ After that offer fruits. ⏺ Finally add egg yolk, meat, poultry and fish. ⏺ Honey should not be given for infants.

Answer 46

—-