NUTRITION AND RENAL DISEASES Flashcards
(23 cards)
اللهمّ أكرمني بجودة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم وثبات العقل والذهن والذاكرة بحق قولك: «الرَّحْمَـنُ، عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ، عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ».
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The most common types of renal stones are:
Calcium oxalate
Uric acid stones
Infective stones
Cystine stones
The most common type of renal stones is_________
Calcium oxalate stones
Dietary advices to decrease recurrence of Calcium oxalate stones:
Increase fluid intake.
Decrease the intake of oxalate-rich foods.
Maintain normal calcium intake with meals to bind oxalate and increase its loss from GIT.
Decrease salt intake (< 6g/day). Take adequate amount of proteins and
decrease animal proteins.
The second most common type of renal stones is_________
Uric acid stones
Dietary advices to decrease recurrence of Uric acid stones:
Increase fluid intake.
Decrease purine intake: decrease consumption of alcohol, animal organs such as liver and kidney, red meat.
Proper management of obesity.
Dairy products and plant proteins??
Malnutrition occurs in up to____ of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
40%
Malnutrition in patients with CRF is very common and generally presents with:
Low body weight,
Loss of muscle mass,
Low plasma levels of serum albumin and
Depletion of adipose tissues.
___________ is the most common cause of CRF
Diabetes mellitus
Malnutrition in renal failure is multifactorial.(—-)
Patients on dialysis present many challenges for nutrition practitioners(——)
✅✅
✅✅
Factors contributing to malnutrition in renal failure
- Decreased food intake due to associated anorexia and nausea
- Dietary Restrictions
- Loss of nutrients in dialysate
- Chronic blood loss
- Concurrent illness and hospitalizations
Calories for kidney diseases
30-35 kcal/kg body weight
Nitrogen (protein) balance is highly dependent on the energy intake, so that an adequate energy intake has a protein-saving effect🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴
🔴Protein Requirements for kidney diseases
Adults with chronic renal failure who are not receiving dialysis can usually maintain a neutral nitrogen balance by consuming____ g of protein per kilogram body weight.
🔴The reduced protein intake may decrease_______ and delay the need for dialysis.
0.6
Most of this protein should be of high biological value.
uremic symptoms📌
The protein requirements for patients receiving dialysis are increased above the requirements for healthy adults________.
(1.2 g/kg)
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis_______ nitrogen losses.
increase
Patients with CRF are considered at high risk for________ diseases; so they should follow AHA step__ Diet, to keep LDL less than____ mg/dl.
cardiovascular
2
100
However, many patients need drugs to achieve this level.
Patients who require dialysis are known to lose water-soluble vitamins mainly_____,______,_____ and_______.
vitamin C, thiamine, folate and pyridoxine.
Patients with CRF have decreased excretion of_________ and cases of ________have been reported.
vitamin A, hypervitaminosis A
🔴Patients with CRF should receive standard ________supplements.
🔴Patients who have advanced CRF, or who receive dialysis should be given the “active” form of vitamin D (1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol).✅
🔴 vitamin D
🔴High-Sodium foods, canned and processed foods are omitted.(exclude).
🔴Moderate-Sodium foods are eliminated.
🔴Table salt is not allowed at meals or during
cooking. Replace salt shaker with herb shaker.
🔴Regular bread is limited (2 pita are allowed, additional bread must be salt free).
🔴No more than 2 cups of milk per day.
🔴
If hyperkalemia present
- Restrict high potassium foods.
- Avoid constipation.
- Boiling, peeling and soaking decrease potassium content of foods.
اللهم افتح لي أبواب حكمتك، وانشر عليّ رحمتك، وامنن عليّ بالحفظ والفهم، سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا، إنّك أنت العليم الحكيم.
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High k content
Bananas Dates-Apricot Oranges Okra-potatoes
Tomatoes
Spinach
Avocado
low k content
Apples Grapes Watermelon
Pepper Cucumber Cauliflower
