nutrition and pregnancy

Question 1

pregnant females with these conditions have increased energy needs

Answer 1

hyperemesis gravidarum
IBD
Cystic Fibrosis

Question 2

excessive weight gain in pregnant women who are obese increases the risk of

Answer 2

gestational diabetes
gestational HTN
pre-eclampsia
macrosomia

Question 3

women with multiple’s (twins/triplets) are at risk for

Answer 3

giving birth to low weight/premature babies

Question 4

nutrition assessment for pregnant women includes assessment of

Answer 4

pre gravid nutrition status
current nutrition status
pre gravid weight
assess metabolic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and IBS

Question 5

inadequate maternal weight gain is associated with

Answer 5

LBW and SGA infants

Question 6

what is the most common micronutrient deficiency in pregnancy

Answer 6

iron deficiency

Question 7

which micronutrients should be assessed in pregnancy

Answer 7

iron, folate, B12, calcium, zinc

Question 8

to assess energy and protein needs for pregnant female use____ ir ___ weight

Answer 8

pre-gravid

ideal body weight

Question 9

extra calories are not needed in the ____ trimester

Answer 9

first

Question 10

closely monitor weight gain of the fetus to assess for possible

Answer 10

intrauterine growth restriction

Question 11

on average ___ extra calories are needed in the second trimester and ___ kcal extra are needed in the third trimester

Answer 11

340 kcals

452 kcals

Question 12

protein turnover is at the highest during what trimester(s) of pregnancy

Answer 12

2nd & third trimesters

Question 13

for a singleton, ___ g/kg/protein/day is needed in early pregnancy and ___g/kg for late pregnancy

Answer 13

1. 2g/kg/day

1. 52 g/kg/day

Question 14

target fasting blood glucose in T2DM and GDM is

Answer 14

95 mg/dL

Question 15

1 hour Prost prandial target blood glucose for T2DM and GDM is

Answer 15

140mg/dL or less

Question 16

__to___% of total calories should come from fat in pregnancy

Answer 16

20-35%

Question 17

_____ fatty acids especially _____ &___ are important in fetal brain and central nervous system development

Answer 17

alpha linoleic acids (omega 3’s) DHA and EPA

Question 18

increased need for this micronutrient is essential for forth and fetal development. Deficiency increases the risk for the development of neural tube defects therefore should be supplemented early in pregnancy

Answer 18

folic acid

Question 19

____ deficiency in the fetus is associated with vision impairment and growth restriction

Answer 19

vitamin A

Question 20

_____ toxicity has bee linked to spontaneous abortion and birth defects

Answer 20

vitamin A

Question 21

_____ deficiency can contribute to neonatal hypocalcemia and or rickets

Answer 21

vitamin D

Question 22

in addition to omega 3 fatty acids and folic acid, ___ and ___ are micronutrients necessary for brain development and nervous system development

Answer 22

zinc and iodine

Question 23

indications for EN in pregnancy include

Answer 23

hyperemesis gravidarum
non functioning GI tract
trauma
critical illness

Question 24

what type of artificial nutrition method is preferred in hyperemesis gravidarum, IBD and intestinal stricture

Answer 24

Enteral Nutrition

Question 25

when providing parenteral nutrition, hyperglycemia risk is elevated in pregnancy. a target blood glucose of ____ will avoid complications

Answer 25

140mg/dL

Question 26

if a pregnant female is not allergic to fish ILE's with ___ should be use in long term PN

Answer 26

Fish oil ILE with DHA

Question 27

severe intractable nausea and vomiting with dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, ketosis, nutrition deficiency and at least 5% weight loss are symptoms of

Answer 27

hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 28

before EN or PN is considered in hyperemesis gravidarum what methods can be used

Answer 28

``` small, frequent melas anti emetics low fat, high carb foods avoid trigger foods with strong odors Vitamin B6 supplementation ```