Nutrition-Elderly & Pregnancy Flashcards Preview

Hematology > Nutrition-Elderly & Pregnancy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nutrition-Elderly & Pregnancy Deck (23)
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1
Q

If you want your parents to be better nourished in old age, where should you send them?

A

To community retirement centers. Elderly in hospitals tend to be more malnourished.

2
Q

Generalized and progressive loss of muscle mass and strength w/decrease in function

A

Sarcopenia

3
Q

Metabolic process associated with underlying illness and loss of muscle mass

A

Cachexia

4
Q

What is the best way to assess the nutritional state of a geriatric patient?

A

Multi-factorial approach to include: mini-nutritional assessment, anthropometrics (BMI), labs (prealbumin, decreasing cholesterol) and diet.

5
Q

Why do elderly patients have a higher risk for reflux, decreased appetite and nausea?

A

Decreased motility, sometimes from diabetic gastroparesis.

6
Q

How do you assess an elderly patient’s diet?

A

Multiple Pass Method: What did you eat? When did you eat it? Summarize what they said and allow them to correct you.

7
Q

Key areas to “foot stomp” with elderly and their diets?

A

Eat more lean meat and limit dairy in addition to DASH diet.

8
Q

What micronutrient decreases the risk of falls?

A

Vitamin D supplementation between 200-1000 IU

9
Q

How much protein should an elderly person be consuming per day? What effect does this have?

A

75-90g. Protein supplementation can increase mass, but has not been shown to improve quality of life.

10
Q

How do you treat an elderly patient who has had an aspiration pneumonia or has trouble swallowing?

A

Speech therapy

11
Q

What socioeconomic factors contribute to malnutrition in the elderly?

A

Poverty, isolation,

12
Q

What elderly population is at severe risk for malnutrition?

A

Advanced dementia. They often get feeding tubes, but in the end this does not improve quality of life.

13
Q

Where do you start with assessment of the nutritional status in a pregnant woman?

A

Prior eating habits, past history and prior pregnancy.

14
Q

Why are women with a predisposition for diabetes more likely to get diabetes during pregnancy?

A

The body switches from carbohydrate to fat metabolism that causes insulin resistance. HCG causes the pancreas to enlarge and produce more insulin.

15
Q

Who gets what energy in a pregnant woman?

A

Baby gets glucose. Mom gets fatty acids and ketones

16
Q

Should a pregnant obese woman try to lose weight when pregnant?

A

No, they will have an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age baby

17
Q

RDA for folic acid in pregnant women

A

400 ucg, 1mg for twins, 4mg w/history of neural tube defect

18
Q

RDA for iron in pregnant women

A

30-33mg, Fe-supplementation has no proven benefit for the mom, good for fetal neurological development

19
Q

RDA for protein in pregnant women

A

1g/kg/day (60-65g)

20
Q

Why don’t pregnant women eat deli meats?

A

Prepackaged meats are at risk for listeria.

21
Q

Why should pregnant women eat large fish?

A

Methylmercury is harmful to fetal neurodevelopment (shark, swordfish, mackerel or tile fish). You can eat up to 12 oz of tuna, salmon, pollock, catfish and shrimp.

22
Q

Why shouldn’t pregnant women eat raw meat or uncooked foods?

A

Toxoplasmosis, listeria, brucellosis all cause stillbirth.

23
Q

RDA for calcium in pregnant woman?

A

1000mg/day